Hojat Mohammadreza, Michalec Barret, Veloski J Jon, Tykocinski Mark L
Dr. Hojat is research professor of psychiatry and human behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, and director, Jefferson Longitudinal Study of Medical Education, Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Michalec is assistant professor, Department of Sociology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware. Mr. Veloski is director, Medical Education Division, Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Tykocinski is provost and executive vice president for academic affairs, Thomas Jefferson University, and Anthony F. and Gertrude M. De Palma Dean and Professor of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Acad Med. 2015 Apr;90(4):505-10. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000652.
To test the hypotheses that medical students recognized by peers as the most positive social influencers would score (1) high on measures of engaging personality attributes that are conducive to relationship building (empathy, sociability, activity, self-esteem), and (2) low on disengaging personality attributes that are detrimental to interpersonal relationships (loneliness, neuroticism, aggression-hostility, impulsive sensation seeking).
The study included 666 Jefferson Medical College students who graduated in 2011-2013. Students used a peer nomination instrument to identify classmates who had a positive influence on their professional and personal development. At matriculation, these students had completed a survey that included the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire short form and abridged versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale. In multivariate analyses of variance, the method of contrasted groups was used to compare the personality attributes of students nominated most frequently by their peers as positive influencers (top influencers [top 25% in their class distribution], n = 176) with those of students nominated least frequently (bottom influencers [bottom 25%], n = 171).
The top influencers scored significantly higher on empathy, sociability, and activity and significantly lower on loneliness compared with the bottom influencers. However, the effect size estimates of the differences were moderate at best.
The research hypotheses were partially confirmed. Positive social influencers appear to possess personality attributes conducive to relationship building, which is an important feature of effective leadership. The findings have implications for identifying and training potential leaders in medicine.
检验以下假设：被同龄人认为是最积极的社会影响者的医学生在有助于建立人际关系的参与型人格特质（同理心、社交性、活跃度、自尊）方面得分较高，而在对人际关系有害的脱离型人格特质（孤独感、神经质、攻击性-敌意、冲动性寻求刺激）方面得分较低。
该研究纳入了666名于2011 - 2013年毕业的杰斐逊医学院学生。学生们使用同伴提名工具来识别对其专业和个人发展有积极影响的同学。在入学时，这些学生完成了一项调查，其中包括杰斐逊同理心量表、朱克曼 - 库尔曼人格问卷简版以及罗森伯格自尊量表和加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表的删节版。在多变量方差分析中，采用对比组方法比较被同龄人提名最频繁的积极影响者（顶级影响者[班级分布前25%]，n = 176）与提名最不频繁的学生（底层影响者[底部25%]，n = 171）的人格特质。
与底层影响者相比，顶级影响者在同理心、社交性和活跃度方面得分显著更高，在孤独感方面得分显著更低。然而，差异的效应量估计充其量只是中等。
研究假设得到部分证实。积极的社会影响者似乎具备有助于建立人际关系的人格特质，这是有效领导力的一个重要特征。这些发现对识别和培养医学领域的潜在领导者具有启示意义。
