Ziegenfuss Tim N, Habowski Scott M, Lemieux Robert, Sandrock Jennifer E, Kedia A William, Kerksick Chad M, Lopez Hector L
The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, Ste 120, Stow, OH 44224 USA.
Strength and Conditioning, Athletics Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240 USA.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015 Jan 21;12(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12970-014-0065-4. eCollection 2015.
Limited research exists examining the impact of nutrition on golfing performance. This study's purpose was to determine the impact of daily supplementation with an over-the-counter dietary supplement on golf performance.
Healthy men (30.3 ± 6.9 y, 183.1 ± 5.6 cm, 86.7 ± 11.9 kg), with a 5-15 handicap were assigned in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner to ingest for 30 days either a placebo (PLA, n = 13) or a dietary supplement containing creatine monohydrate, coffea arabica fruit extract, calcium fructoborate and vitamin D (Strong Drive™, SD, n = 14). Subjects ingested two daily doses for the first two weeks and one daily dose for the remaining two weeks. Participants followed their normal dietary habits and did not change their physical activity patterns. Two identical testing sessions in a pre/post fashion were completed consisting of a fasting blood sample, anthropometric measurements, 1-RM bench press, upper body power and golf swing performance using their driver and 7-iron. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed factorial ANOVAs and ANCOVA when baseline differences were present. Statistical significance was established a priori at p ≤ 0.05.
ANCOVA revealed significantly greater (post-test) best drive distance (p = 0.04) for SD (+5.0% [+13.6 yards], ES = 0.75) as well as a tendency (p = 0.07) for average drive distance to increase (+8.4% [+19.6 yards], ES = 0.65), while no such changes were found with PLA (-0.5% [-1.2 yards], ES = 0.04 and +1.3% [+2.8 yards], ES = 0.08, respectively). Both groups experienced significant increases in body mass and 1-RM bench press (p < 0.001). No other significant group × time interactions were found. For the SD group only, within-group analysis confirmed significant improvements in set 1 average (+8.9%, p = 0.001) and peak velocity (+6.8%, p < =0.01). No changes were noted for reported adverse events, pain inventories, quality of life or any measured blood parameter.
SD supplementation for 30 days significantly improved best drive distance more than placebo. Supplementation was well tolerated and did not result in any clinically significant changes in markers of health or adverse events/side effect profiles.
关于营养对高尔夫球运动表现影响的研究有限。本研究的目的是确定每日补充一种非处方膳食补充剂对高尔夫球表现的影响。
将健康男性（年龄30.3±6.9岁，身高183.1±5.6厘米，体重86.7±11.9千克），差点为5-15，以双盲、安慰剂对照的方式分配，让他们连续30天服用安慰剂（PLA，n = 13）或含有一水肌酸、阿拉伯咖啡豆提取物、果糖硼酸钙和维生素D的膳食补充剂（强力驱动™，SD，n = 14）。受试者在最初两周每天服用两剂，在剩余两周每天服用一剂。参与者保持正常饮食习惯，不改变体育活动模式。以前后对比的方式完成了两个相同的测试环节，包括空腹血样采集、人体测量、1次最大重复量卧推、上身力量以及使用一号木杆和7号铁杆的高尔夫挥杆表现测试。当存在基线差异时，使用双向混合因子方差分析和协方差分析对数据进行分析。预先设定p≤0.05为统计学显著性水平。
协方差分析显示，SD组（测试后）的最佳击球距离显著增加（p = 0.04）（增加5.0%[+13.6码]，效应量ES = 0.75），平均击球距离也有增加的趋势（p = 0.07）（增加8.4%[+19.6码]，效应量ES = 0.65），而PLA组未发现此类变化（分别为-0.5%[-1.2码]，效应量ES = 0.04和+1.3%[+2.8码]，效应量ES = 0.08）。两组的体重和1次最大重复量卧推均显著增加（p < 0.001）。未发现其他显著的组×时间交互作用。仅在SD组内分析证实，第1组的平均速度（增加8.9%，p = 0.001）和峰值速度（增加6.8%，p <=0.01）有显著改善。报告的不良事件、疼痛量表、生活质量或任何测量的血液参数均无变化。
补充SD 30天比安慰剂更显著地改善了最佳击球距离。补充剂耐受性良好，未导致健康指标或不良事件/副作用方面出现任何具有临床意义的变化。
