Montes Pedro, Ruiz-Sanchez Elizabeth, Rojas Carolina, Rojas Patricia
Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Col. La Fama C.P. 14269, México D.F., Mexico.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2015;14(1):132-49. doi: 10.2174/1871527314666150202151440.
Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (EGb 761) is a well-defined extract obtained from Ginkgo biloba leaves according to a standardized method. It has been used extensively for the treatment of diseases related to the central nervous system including neurosensory disturbances, cerebrovascular insufficiency, peripheral vascular disturbances, and degenerative dementia. The potential use of EGb 761 has also been suggested for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, which is discussed in the current review. These disorders constitute a global epidemic with serious economic and social consequences. Current available treatments with synthetic drugs may have some disadvantages and undesired side effects. There are diverse natural extracts that have been used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders due to their therapeutic action and low rate of side effects, such as EGb 761. EGb 761 has the ability to produce neuroprotection due to its chemical composition and the synergy of its components. We describe several neuroprotective mechanisms of action of EGb 761 such as antioxidant effects, modulation of neurotransmission, neuroendocrine regulation, and upregulation of neurotrophic factors, which underlie its potential therapeutic effect on psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic effects of EGb 761 both in animal models of psychiatric disorders and in clinical studies that include these pathologies. We focus on depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, as well as the therapeutic action of EGb 761 on dementia in comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. In the current review, we propose thef potential use of EGb 761, alone or combined with current medication treatment, for psychiatric disorders.
银杏叶提取物761（EGb 761）是根据标准化方法从银杏叶中提取的一种成分明确的提取物。它已被广泛用于治疗与中枢神经系统相关的疾病，包括神经感觉障碍、脑血管功能不全、外周血管功能障碍和退行性痴呆。EGb 761在治疗焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病方面的潜在用途也已被提出，本文将对此进行讨论。这些疾病已成为全球性的流行病，造成了严重的经济和社会后果。目前使用合成药物进行治疗可能存在一些缺点和不良副作用。由于其治疗作用和低副作用发生率，有多种天然提取物已被用于治疗精神疾病，如EGb 761。EGb 761因其化学成分及其成分之间的协同作用而具有神经保护能力。我们描述了EGb 761的几种神经保护作用机制，如抗氧化作用、神经传递调节、神经内分泌调节和神经营养因子上调，这些机制构成了其对精神疾病潜在治疗作用的基础。此外，我们还讨论了EGb 761在精神疾病动物模型和包括这些病症的临床研究中的治疗效果。我们重点关注抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症，以及EGb 761对合并精神疾病的痴呆症的治疗作用。在本综述中，我们提出了EGb 761单独或与当前药物治疗联合用于精神疾病的潜在用途。
