Zhou Albert Lihong, Hergert Nancie, Rompato Giovanni, Lefevre Michael
Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR), Applied Nutrition Research, and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences.
Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT.
J Nutr. 2015 Feb;145(2):222-30. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.199778. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Whole grain consumption reduces the risk of major chronic diseases. It is not clear how whole grains exert their beneficial effects.
The aim was to compare the physiologic effects of whole grain oat (WGO) flour with low bran oat (LBO) flour.
Two AIN-93G-based diets were formulated with either WGO or LBO flour. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed LBO (n = 11) and WGO (n = 13) diets for 8 wk. Cecal microbiota was profiled by pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Data are reported as means ± SEMs or antilogs of the mean (mean - SEM, mean + SEM).
The weight gain was 14.6% less in the WGO group during week 7 (P = 0.04). WGO improved insulin sensitivity as reflected by significantly lower plasma insulin [1500 (1370, 1650) ng/L vs. 2340 (2090, 2620) ng/L; P = 0.006], C-peptide (3980 ± 548 ng/L vs. 7340 ± 1050 ng/L; P = 0.007), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (21.4 ± 2.3 vs. 34.7 ± 4.9; P = 0.03). Plasma total cholesterol was 9.9% less and non-HDL cholesterol was 11% less in the WGO group. A comparison of relative abundance indicated Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Alcaligenaceae families were 175.5% (P = 0.03), 184.5% (P = 0.01), and 150.0% (P = 0.004), respectively, greater in the WGO group and Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were 527% (P = 0.004) and 62.6% (P = 0.01), respectively, greater in the LBO group. Cecal microbiota composition predicts 63.9% variation in plasma insulin and 88.9% variation in plasma non-HDL cholesterol.
In mice, WGOs improved insulin sensitivity and plasma cholesterol profile compared with LBOs, and the effects were associated with the changes in cecal microbiota composition. Increasing WGO consumption may help improve insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in chronic diseases.
食用全谷物可降低患主要慢性疾病的风险。目前尚不清楚全谷物是如何发挥其有益作用的。
比较全谷物燕麦（WGO）粉和低麸燕麦（LBO）粉的生理效应。
用WGO粉或LBO粉配制两种基于AIN-93G的日粮。5周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分别喂食LBO日粮（n = 11）和WGO日粮（n = 13）8周。通过对16S核糖体RNA基因进行焦磷酸测序分析盲肠微生物群。数据以均值±标准误或均值的反对数（均值 - 标准误，均值 + 标准误）表示。
第7周时，WGO组体重增加比LBO组少14.6%（P = 0.04）。WGO改善了胰岛素敏感性，表现为血浆胰岛素显著降低[1500（1370，1650）ng/L对2340（2090，2620）ng/L；P = 0.006]、C肽（3980 ± 548 ng/L对7340 ± 1050 ng/L；P = 0.007）以及稳态模型评估估计的胰岛素抵抗（21.4 ± 2.3对34.7 ± 4.9；P = 0.03）。WGO组血浆总胆固醇降低了9.9%且非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了11%。相对丰度比较表明，WGO组普雷沃氏菌科、乳杆菌科和产碱菌科分别高出175.5%（P = 0.03）、184.5%（P = 0.01）和150.0%（P = 0.004），而LBO组梭菌科和毛螺菌科分别高出527%（P = 0.004）和62.6%（P = 0.01）。盲肠微生物群组成可预测血浆胰岛素63.9%的变化及血浆非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇88.9%的变化。
在小鼠中，与LBO相比，WGO改善了胰岛素敏感性和血浆胆固醇水平，且这些效应与盲肠微生物群组成的变化有关。增加WGO的摄入量可能有助于改善慢性疾病中的胰岛素敏感性和血脂异常。
