Chen Lung-Chi, Lippmann Morton
Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York.
Curr Protoc Toxicol. 2015 Feb 2;63:24.4.1-24.4.23. doi: 10.1002/0471140856.tx2404s63.
In this unit, the need for laboratory-based inhalation toxicology studies, the historical background on adverse health effects of airborne toxicants, and the benefits of advance planning for the building of analytic options into the study design to maximize the scientific gains to be derived from the investments in the study are outlined. The following methods are described: (1) the generation and characterization of exposure atmospheres for inhalation exposures in humans and laboratory animals; (2) the delivery and distribution into and within whole-body exposure chambers, head-only exposure chambers, face-masks, and mouthpieces or nasal catheters; (3) options for on-line functional assays during and between exposures; and (4) options for serial non-invasive assays of response. In doing so, a description beyond exposures to single agents and simple mixtures is presented, and included are methods for evaluating biological responses to complex environmental mixtures. It is also emphasized that great care should be taken in the design and execution of such studies so that the scientific returns can be maximized both initially, and in follow-up utilization of archived samples of the exposure atmospheres, excreta, and tissues collected for histology.
本单元概述了基于实验室的吸入毒理学研究的必要性、空气传播毒物对健康产生不良影响的历史背景，以及在研究设计中预先规划分析选项以最大限度地提高从研究投资中获得的科学收益的好处。文中描述了以下方法：(1) 用于人类和实验动物吸入暴露的暴露环境的生成和表征；(2) 在全身暴露室、仅头部暴露室、面罩、口器或鼻导管中的输送和分布；(3) 暴露期间和暴露之间的在线功能测定选项；(4) 反应的系列非侵入性测定选项。在此过程中，不仅介绍了单一试剂和简单混合物的暴露情况，还包括评估对复杂环境混合物的生物反应的方法。还强调，在设计和实施此类研究时应格外小心，以便在最初以及后续利用为组织学收集的暴露环境、排泄物和组织的存档样本时，都能最大限度地提高科学回报。
