Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (publ.), Department of Biogas R&D, P.O. Box 1500, SE-58115 Linköping, Sweden.
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, P.O. Box 21060, SE-10031 Stockholm, Sweden.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Apr 15;153:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.041. Epub 2015 Jan 31.
The fate of pharmaceutical residues in treatment of WWTP sludge was evaluated during mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) and six sanitization technologies (pasteurization, thermal hydrolysis, advanced oxidation processes using Fenton's reaction, ammonia treatment, thermophilic dry digestion, and thermophilic anaerobic digestion). Sludge spiked with a selection of 13 substances was used and in total 23 substances were detected. A correlation between substance lipophilicity and sludge partitioning was found after sample centrifugation, with e.g., SSRI drugs (90-99%) and estrogens (96-98%) mainly found in the solid phase. A correlation between lipophilicity and persistence of pharmaceutical residues during AD was also detected, indicating that hydrophobic substances are less available to degrading microorganisms. Overall, AD was found to be the most effective technology in reducing a wide spectrum of organic substances (in average ca 30% reduction). Similar effects were obtained for both AD treatments, suggesting that temperature (mesophilic or thermophilic) is less important for micropollutant reduction. Advanced oxidation processes using Fenton's reaction also affected several compounds, including substances showing general stability over the range of treatments such as carbamazepine, propranolol, and sertraline. Pasteurization, ammonia treatment, and thermophilic dry digestion exhibited relatively modest reductions. Interestingly, only thermal hydrolysis efficiently removed the ecotoxicologically potent estrogenic compounds from the sludge.
研究了中温厌氧消化（AD）和六种消毒技术（巴氏消毒、热水解、芬顿反应的高级氧化工艺、氨处理、高温干消化和高温厌氧消化）过程中 WWTP 污泥处理中药物残留的命运。使用了添加了一系列 13 种物质的污泥，总共检测到 23 种物质。在对样品进行离心后，发现物质的亲脂性与污泥分配之间存在相关性，例如，SSRIs 类药物（90-99%）和雌激素（96-98%）主要存在于固相。还检测到 AD 过程中药物残留亲脂性与持久性之间的相关性，表明疏水性物质对降解微生物的可用性较低。总体而言，AD 被发现是减少多种有机物质（平均减少约 30%）最有效的技术。两种 AD 处理均具有相似的效果，表明温度（中温或高温）对减少微污染物的影响较小。芬顿反应的高级氧化工艺也影响了几种化合物，包括在处理范围内表现出一般稳定性的物质，如卡马西平、普萘洛尔和舍曲林。巴氏消毒、氨处理和高温干消化的减少效果相对较小。有趣的是，只有热水解能有效地从污泥中去除具有生态毒性的雌激素化合物。
