Minghelli Beatriz, Nunes Carla, Oliveira Raul
School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Research in Education and Community Intervention (RECI), Piaget Institute, Silves, Portugal -
Public Health Research Center, National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Dec;58(12):1831-1838. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07773-8. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
Surfers are subjected to external factors (ocean currents, wind orientation, wave size, contact with the board and other surfers) that require quick and efficient adaptations, increasing the risk of injury while riding waves. This study aimed to determine the incidence of injuries over a 12-month period in Portuguese surfers and to analyze the associated factors.
The sample included 1016 Portuguese surfers, aged between 8 and 64 years; 853 (84%) were male. A questionnaire was administered during the stages of the Regional Circuit Surf of Portugal.
Three hundred and one (29.6%) surfers had an injury in the previous year, with a total of 398 injuries. There were 1.23 injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. The most common injuries were lacerations (23.5%), located in the knee and leg (16.7%). Impacts of the board (27.1%), and injuries during paddling (17.9%) were the most prevalent injury mechanisms. Competitor surfers presented a higher risk of sustaining surfing-related injuries than recreational surfers (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI: 1.26-2.62; P=0.002). Individuals who had surfed for less than five years were at 1.65 more risk (95% CI: 1.13-2.39; P=0.009) than those who had surfed for more than 10 years; surfers who trained at least three times a week had 1.42 the risk (95% CI: 1.08-1.87; P=0.011) than those who trained less.
Injuries were frequent among Portuguese surfers, with specific affected body areas, mainly caused by impact with the board. It is necessary to create injury prevention strategies, including specific trainings and the use of protection material.
冲浪者会受到外部因素（洋流、风向、浪高、与冲浪板及其他冲浪者的接触）影响，这些因素需要他们迅速且高效地做出适应，从而增加了冲浪时受伤的风险。本研究旨在确定葡萄牙冲浪者在12个月期间的受伤发生率，并分析相关因素。
样本包括1016名年龄在8至64岁之间的葡萄牙冲浪者；其中853名（84%）为男性。在葡萄牙地区巡回冲浪赛期间发放了问卷。
301名（29.6%）冲浪者在上一年受过伤，受伤总数为398例。每1000小时冲浪的受伤次数为1.23次。最常见的受伤类型为撕裂伤（23.5%），多位于膝盖和腿部（16.7%）。冲浪板撞击（27.1%）以及划水时受伤（17.9%）是最常见的受伤机制。与休闲冲浪者相比，竞技冲浪者遭受与冲浪相关伤害的风险更高（优势比=1.81；95%置信区间：1.26 - 2.62；P = 0.002）。冲浪年限少于5年的个体比冲浪年限超过10年的个体受伤风险高1.65倍（95%置信区间：1.13 - 2.39；P = 0.009）；每周训练至少三次的冲浪者比训练次数较少的冲浪者受伤风险高1.42倍（95%置信区间：1.08 - 1.87；P = 0.011）。
葡萄牙冲浪者受伤情况较为频繁，有特定的受伤身体部位，主要由与冲浪板的撞击导致。有必要制定 injury prevention strategies，包括进行特定训练以及使用防护材料。（注：此处原文“injury prevention strategies”直接保留英文，可能是特定术语未翻译，根据上下文推测为“伤害预防策略”）
