McArthur Katherine, Jorgensen Darcy, Climstein Mike, Furness James
Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast 4207, Australia.
Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga 56155, Australia.
Sports (Basel). 2020 Feb 20;8(2):25. doi: 10.3390/sports8020025.
Prospective and retrospective studies have examined traumatic injuries within competitive and recreational surfers worldwide using online surveys and health care facility (HCF; e.g., hospital, emergency department, medical record) data. However, few studies have provided a synthesis of all available literature. The purpose of this study was to obtain, critique and synthesise all literature specific to acute surfing injuries, and evaluate differences in injury type, mechanism and location between HCF and survey data. A systematic literature review design was used to identify relevant articles from three major databases. Peer-reviewed epidemiological studies of musculoskeletal surfing injuries were included. A modified AXIS tool was used for critical appraisal, and objective data was extracted and synthesized by lead researchers. Overall frequencies for injury location, type and mechanism were calculated from raw injury data. A total of 19 cross-sectional articles of fair to good quality (Modified AXIS 54.2-83.3%) were included in this study; 17 were National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) level III-2 (retrospective) and two were level II (prospective). Articles examined competitive, recreational and combined populations. Injury data from Australia, Brazil, UK, USA, Portugal, Japan, Norway, and worldwide were represented. Skin (46.0%; HCF 50.1%, survey 43.8%) and being struck by own surfboard (38.6%; HCF 73.4%, survey 36.7%) were the most common injury type and mechanism. Head, face and neck injuries were most common in HCF (43.1%) versus lower limb injuries (36.4%) in survey data. Incidence proportion was highest in aerialists (0.48). Incidence rate (number of injuries per 1000 h) ranged from 0.74 in Australian surfers (Melbourne) to 6.6 in international contest surfers from medical record data. This review highlights the prevalence of skin, board-related, head, face and neck, and lower limb surfing injuries across available literature. Proposed use of protective equipment and foam-based surfboards in dangerous or crowded surf locations may reduce injury risk.
前瞻性和回顾性研究通过在线调查以及医疗保健机构（HCF；例如医院、急诊科、病历）数据，对全球范围内竞技和休闲冲浪者的创伤性损伤进行了调查。然而，很少有研究对所有现有文献进行综合分析。本研究的目的是获取、批判和综合所有关于急性冲浪损伤的文献，并评估HCF数据和调查数据在损伤类型、机制和部位上的差异。采用系统文献综述设计，从三个主要数据库中识别相关文章。纳入了经同行评审的肌肉骨骼冲浪损伤的流行病学研究。使用改良的AXIS工具进行批判性评价，由首席研究员提取并综合客观数据。根据原始损伤数据计算损伤部位、类型和机制的总体频率。本研究共纳入了19篇质量中等至良好的横断面文章（改良AXIS评分为54.2%-83.3%）；17篇为澳大利亚国家卫生与医学研究委员会（NHMRC）III-2级（回顾性），两篇为II级（前瞻性）。文章研究了竞技、休闲和综合人群。涵盖了来自澳大利亚、巴西、英国、美国、葡萄牙、日本、挪威以及全球范围的损伤数据。皮肤损伤（46.0%；HCF数据为50.1%，调查数据为43.8%）和被自己的冲浪板击中（38.6%；HCF数据为73.4%，调查数据为36.7%）是最常见的损伤类型和机制。HCF数据中，头部、面部和颈部损伤最为常见（43.1%），而调查数据中下肢损伤最为常见（36.4%）。空中动作参与者的发病率最高（0.48）。发病率（每1000小时的损伤数量）范围从墨尔本澳大利亚冲浪者的0.74到国际比赛冲浪者病历数据中的6.6。本综述强调了现有文献中皮肤、与冲浪板相关、头部、面部和颈部以及下肢冲浪损伤的普遍性。建议在危险或拥挤的冲浪地点使用防护装备和泡沫冲浪板，以降低受伤风险。
