Wang Yuliang, Hu Hao, Xu Kexin, Wang Xiaofeng, Na Yanqun, Kang Xiaoping
Urology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, 100044, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Int Urogynecol J. 2015 Jun;26(6):911-9. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2626-8. Epub 2015 Feb 5.
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) consist of storage, voiding and postmicturition symptoms and cause discomfort in approximately 15.8 to 82.0 % of adults worldwide. Despite the wide range in prevalence rates, certain potential risk factors for LUTS have been identified, advanced age being the most noted one. However, the true extent of symptom discomfort among the affected population may be underestimated because of the considerable underreporting of the problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and discomfort caused by LUTS in China.
This population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in five geographical regions of China. A stratified, clustered, systematic sample of individuals aged ≥18 years was selected to answer demographic questionnaires and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Male/Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Long Form.
A total of 3,023 participants (1,551 men; 1,472 women) were included in this study, and 61.2 % (61.2 % men; 61.1 % women) reported at least one LUTS. The prevalence of storage symptoms (59.8 % men; 60.5 % women) was greater than that of voiding (23.6 % men; 8.8 % women) plus postmicturition symptoms (14.6 % men; 6.3 % women). Nocturia (58.2 % men; 56.9 % women) was the most common specific LUTS. Advanced age, alcohol consumption and smoking were risk factors for LUTS among participants of both sexes. Enlarged prostate, diabetes mellitus and lower education levels correlated positively with LUTS in men, whereas higher parity and hypertension correlated positively with LUTS in women. Subjects with LUTS had great discomfort. Nocturia was the least bothersome symptom in both sexes, whereas nocturnal enuresis and urge urinary incontinence were the most bothersome in men and women respectively.
Lower urinary tract symptoms are highly prevalent in China and many known risk factors are associated with these bothersome symptoms. However, the perception of the extent of symptom discomfort differed between sexes, and it may not correspond with symptom prevalence. Thus, an appropriate symptom discomfort assessment tool is needed to identify the clinically relevant conditions that warrant treatment.
下尿路症状（LUTS）包括储尿期、排尿期和排尿后症状，全球约15.8%至82.0%的成年人受其困扰。尽管患病率差异很大，但已确定了一些LUTS的潜在危险因素，其中高龄最为显著。然而，由于该问题报告严重不足，受影响人群中症状不适的真实程度可能被低估。本研究的目的是评估中国LUTS的患病率、危险因素及所致不适。
本基于人群的横断面调查在中国五个地理区域进行。选取年龄≥18岁的分层、整群、系统样本个体，以回答人口统计学问卷和国际尿失禁咨询委员会男性/女性下尿路症状长问卷。
本研究共纳入3023名参与者（1551名男性；1472名女性），61.2%（男性61.2%；女性61.1%）报告至少有一种LUTS。储尿期症状的患病率（男性59.8%；女性60.5%）高于排尿期（男性23.6%；女性8.8%）加排尿后症状（男性14.6%；女性6.3%）。夜尿症（男性58.2%；女性56.9%）是最常见的特定LUTS。高龄、饮酒和吸烟是男女参与者LUTS的危险因素。前列腺增生、糖尿病和低教育水平与男性LUTS呈正相关，而高生育次数和高血压与女性LUTS呈正相关。有LUTS的受试者有很大不适。夜尿症在男女中都是最不困扰的症状，而夜间遗尿症和急迫性尿失禁分别是男性和女性中最困扰的症状。
下尿路症状在中国非常普遍，许多已知危险因素与这些困扰症状相关。然而，男女对症状不适程度的认知不同，且可能与症状患病率不符。因此，需要一种合适的症状不适评估工具来识别需要治疗的临床相关情况。
