Krogh-Jespersen Sheila, Liberman Zoe, Woodward Amanda L
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, USA.
Dev Sci. 2015 Sep;18(5):815-23. doi: 10.1111/desc.12249. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
Skilled social interactions require knowledge about others' intentions and the ability to implement this knowledge in real-time to generate appropriate responses to one's partner. Young infants demonstrate an understanding of other people's intentions (e.g. Woodward, Sommerville, Gerson, Henderson & Buresh, 2009), yet it is not until the second year that infants seem to master the real-time implementation of their knowledge during social interactions (e.g. Warneken & Tomasello, 2007). The current study investigates the possibility that developments in social competence during the second year are related to increases in the speed with which infants can employ their understanding of others' intentions. Twenty- to 22-month-old infants (N = 23) viewed videos of goal-directed actions on a Tobii eye-tracker and then engaged in an interactive perspective-taking task. Infants who quickly and accurately anticipated another person's future behavior in the eye-tracking task were more successful at taking their partner's perspective in the social interaction. Success on the perspective-taking task was specifically related to the ability to correctly predict another person's intentions. These findings highlight the importance of not only being a 'smart' social partner but also a 'fast' social thinker.
熟练的社交互动需要了解他人的意图，并能够实时运用这些知识，以便对自己的伙伴做出恰当回应。年幼的婴儿表现出对他人意图的理解（例如，伍德沃德、萨默维尔、格森、亨德森和布雷什，2009年），然而，直到第二年婴儿才似乎掌握了在社交互动中实时运用其知识的能力（例如，瓦内肯和托马塞洛，2007年）。当前的研究调查了第二年社交能力的发展与婴儿运用对他人意图的理解的速度增加之间的关系这一可能性。20至22个月大的婴儿（N = 23）在托比眼动仪上观看了目标导向动作的视频，然后参与了一项互动式换位思考任务。在眼动追踪任务中能够快速准确地预测他人未来行为的婴儿，在社交互动中更能成功地站在伙伴的角度思考。换位思考任务的成功与正确预测他人意图的能力特别相关。这些发现凸显了不仅成为一个“聪明”的社交伙伴，而且成为一个“快速”的社交思考者的重要性。
