Cheraghian Bahman, Asadi-Lari Mohsen, Mansournia Mohammad Ali, Majdzadeh Reza, Mohammad Kazem, Nedjat Saharnaz, Vaez-Mahdavi Mohammad Reza, Faghihzadeh Soghrat
1. PhD student in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran & Instructor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2014 Sep 29;28:105. eCollection 2014.
Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension greatly varies across countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hypertension and to determine related factors in a large random sample of Tehran population in 2011.
In this cross sectional study, 69173 individuals aged 25-64 years were selected using multistage cluster random sampling method. All participants were interviewed by trained personnel using standard questionnaires. Weighted prevalence and incidence rates were calculated and principle component analysis (PCA) was used to construct wealth index. Chi-square and odds ratio were used to assess associations in univariate analysis. Logistic Regression model was used in multivariate analysis.
The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 5.27% in total, 3.83% in men and 6.64% in women (p< 0.001). The annual incidence rate of self-reported hypertension was 6.87 per 1000; 5.26 in men and 8.43 in women (p< 0.001), obviously varied across various districts. In multivariate analysis, age, sex (woman), marital status (single), obesity and smoking were positively associated with prevalence of self-reported hypertension. Education level was negatively associated to hypertension. On the other hand, wealth status was not associated to self-reported hypertension.
Our study findings highlighted low awareness rates of hypertension among Tehran adults especially in men and younger people. Hence, we recommend public health strategies to improve health education programs. Moreover, programs to develop the surveillance system and screening programs to early detection of undiagnosed cases are urgently needed particularly in high risk population subgroups.
高血压是全球一项重要的公共卫生挑战。各国高血压患病率差异很大。本研究的目的是估计2011年德黑兰大量随机抽样人群中自我报告的高血压患病率，并确定相关因素。
在这项横断面研究中，采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法选取了69173名年龄在25 - 64岁之间的个体。所有参与者均由经过培训的人员使用标准问卷进行访谈。计算加权患病率和发病率，并使用主成分分析（PCA）构建财富指数。在单变量分析中使用卡方检验和比值比来评估关联性。多变量分析采用逻辑回归模型。
自我报告的高血压总体患病率为5.27%，男性为3.83%，女性为6.64%（p < 0.001）。自我报告的高血压年发病率为每1000人中有6.87例；男性为5.26例，女性为8.43例（p < 0.001），不同地区差异明显。在多变量分析中，年龄、性别（女性）、婚姻状况（单身）、肥胖和吸烟与自我报告的高血压患病率呈正相关。教育水平与高血压呈负相关。另一方面，财富状况与自我报告的高血压无关。
我们的研究结果突出了德黑兰成年人尤其是男性和年轻人中高血压知晓率较低的情况。因此，我们建议采取公共卫生策略来改善健康教育项目。此外，迫切需要制定监测系统和筛查项目，特别是针对高危人群亚组，以早期发现未确诊病例。
