Jachs Barbara, Blanco Manuel J, Grantham-Hill Sarah, Soto David
Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London.
Facultad de Psicología, Laboratorio de Percepción y Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2015 Apr;41(2):269-276. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000026. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
Classically, visual awareness and metacognition are thought to be intimately linked, with our knowledge of the correctness of perceptual choices (henceforth metacognition) being dependent on the level of stimulus awareness. Here we used a signal detection theoretic approach involving a Gabor orientation discrimination task in conjunction with trial-by-trial ratings of perceptual awareness and response confidence in order to gauge estimates of type-1 (perceptual) orientation sensitivity and type-2 (metacognitive) sensitivity at different levels of stimulus awareness. Data from three experiments indicate that while the level of stimulus awareness had a profound impact on type-1 perceptual sensitivity, the awareness effect on type-2 metacognitive sensitivity was far lower by comparison. The present data pose a challenge for signal detection theoretic models in which both type-1 (perceptual) and type-2 (metacognitive) processes are assumed to operate on the same input. More broadly, the findings challenge the commonly held view that metacognition is tightly coupled to conscious states.
传统上，视觉意识和元认知被认为紧密相连，我们对感知选择正确性的认知（以下简称元认知）依赖于刺激意识的水平。在此，我们采用信号检测理论方法，结合一个Gabor方向辨别任务以及对每次试验的感知意识和反应信心评分，以评估在不同刺激意识水平下的1型（感知）方向敏感性和2型（元认知）敏感性估计值。来自三个实验的数据表明，虽然刺激意识水平对1型感知敏感性有深远影响，但相比之下，意识对2型元认知敏感性的影响要小得多。目前的数据对信号检测理论模型提出了挑战，在这些模型中，1型（感知）和2型（元认知）过程都被假定对相同输入进行操作。更广泛地说，这些发现挑战了元认知与意识状态紧密相关的普遍观点。
