Gijsbers L, Dower J I, Mensink M, Siebelink E, Bakker S J L, Geleijnse J M
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Hum Hypertens. 2015 Oct;29(10):592-8. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2015.3. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study to examine the effects of sodium and potassium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in untreated (pre)hypertensive individuals. During the study, subjects were on a fully controlled diet that was relatively low in sodium and potassium. After a 1-week run-in period, subjects received capsules with supplemental sodium (3 g d(-1), equals 7.6 g d(-1) of salt), supplemental potassium (3 g d(-1)) or placebo, for 4 weeks each, in random order. Fasting office BP, 24-h ambulatory BP and measures of arterial stiffness were assessed at baseline and every 4 weeks. Of 37 randomized subjects, 36 completed the study. They had a mean pre-treatment BP of 145/81 mm Hg and 69% had systolic BP ⩾140 mm Hg. Sodium excretion was increased by 98 mmol per 24 h and potassium excretion by 63 mmol per 24 h during active interventions, compared with placebo. During sodium supplementation, office BP was significantly increased by 7.5/3.3 mm Hg, 24-h BP by 7.5/2.7 mm Hg and central BP by 8.5/3.6 mm Hg. During potassium supplementation, 24-h BP was significantly reduced by 3.9/1.6 mm Hg and central pulse pressure by 2.9 mm Hg. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were not significantly affected by sodium or potassium supplementation. In conclusion, increasing the intake of sodium caused a substantial increase in BP in subjects with untreated elevated BP. Increased potassium intake, on top of a relatively low-sodium diet, had a beneficial effect on BP. Arterial stiffness did not materially change during 4-week interventions with sodium or potassium.
我们进行了一项随机、安慰剂对照、交叉研究，以检验补充钠和钾对未经治疗的（预）高血压个体的血压（BP）和动脉僵硬度的影响。在研究期间，受试者遵循完全控制的饮食，该饮食中钠和钾的含量相对较低。经过1周的导入期后，受试者随机接受补充钠（3 g d⁻¹，相当于7.6 g d⁻¹的盐）、补充钾（3 g d⁻¹）或安慰剂的胶囊，每种持续4周。在基线时以及每4周评估一次空腹诊室血压、24小时动态血压和动脉僵硬度指标。37名随机分组的受试者中，36名完成了研究。他们治疗前的平均血压为145/81 mmHg，69%的受试者收缩压≥140 mmHg。与安慰剂相比，在积极干预期间，钠排泄量每24小时增加98 mmol，钾排泄量每24小时增加63 mmol。在补充钠期间，诊室血压显著升高7.5/3.3 mmHg，24小时血压升高7.5/2.7 mmHg，中心血压升高8.5/3.6 mmHg。在补充钾期间，24小时血压显著降低3.9/1.6 mmHg，中心脉压降低2.9 mmHg。补充钠或钾对脉搏波速度和增强指数没有显著影响。总之，在未经治疗的血压升高的受试者中，增加钠的摄入量会导致血压大幅升高。在相对低钠饮食的基础上增加钾的摄入量对血压有有益影响。在为期4周的钠或钾干预期间，动脉僵硬度没有实质性变化。
