a Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.
b INRA, UMR408, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale , Avignon , France.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Aug 17;56(11):1868-79. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2013.801827.
The present review is based mainly on papers published between 2000 and 2011 and gives information about the properties of the carotenoid lycopene in chemical and biological systems and its possible role in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The main aim of this report is to highlight its role as an antioxidant, also reported are bioactive properties that may influence the development of foam cells and protection against endothelial cell damage. The paper will also examine recent observations that lycopene may improve blood flow and reduce inflammatory responses. Lycopene possesses antioxidant properties in vitro, and some epidemiological studies have reported protective effects against the progression of CVD. The oxidation of human low density lipoproteins (LDL) is a fundamental mechanism in the initiation of atherosclerosis. A beneficial role of lycopene as antioxidant in the prevention of CVD is suggested but the data are still controversial. Lycopene is believed to be the most potent carotenoid antioxidant in vitro. Tissue culture experiments and animal studies support potential cardioprotective effects for lycopene and other carotenoids in the blood. Most studies showed beneficial effects of lycopene to individuals who are antioxidant-deficient like elderly patients, or humans exposed to higher levels of oxidative stress like smokers, diabetics, hemodialysis patients and acute myocardial infarction patients. By defining the right population and combining antioxidant potentials of lycopene with vitamins and other bioactive plant compounds, the beneficial role of lycopene in CVD can be clarified in future studies.
本综述主要基于 2000 年至 2011 年期间发表的论文，介绍了类胡萝卜素番茄红素在化学和生物系统中的特性及其在预防心血管疾病（CVD）方面的可能作用。本报告的主要目的是强调其作为抗氧化剂的作用，还报告了可能影响泡沫细胞形成和保护内皮细胞免受损伤的生物活性特性。本文还将探讨最近的观察结果，即番茄红素可能改善血液流动并减少炎症反应。番茄红素具有体外抗氧化特性，一些流行病学研究报告了对 CVD 进展的保护作用。番茄红素作为抗氧化剂预防 CVD 的有益作用已被提出，但数据仍存在争议。番茄红素被认为是体外最有效的类胡萝卜素抗氧化剂。组织培养实验和动物研究支持番茄红素和其他类胡萝卜素在血液中具有潜在的心脏保护作用。大多数研究表明，番茄红素对缺乏抗氧化剂的个体（如老年患者）或暴露于更高水平氧化应激的个体（如吸烟者、糖尿病患者、血液透析患者和急性心肌梗死患者）有益。通过确定合适的人群并将番茄红素的抗氧化潜力与维生素和其他生物活性植物化合物结合起来，可以在未来的研究中阐明番茄红素在 CVD 中的有益作用。
