Ghanizadeh Ahmad
Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
Postgrad Med. 2015 Apr;127(3):289-94. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.996434. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
There is controversy about the association among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder behaviors, and oppositional defiant behaviors. This study examines whether different subcategories of conduct behaviors co-occur in children with ADHD, and investigates the association of conduct behaviors with ADHD symptoms and oppositional defiant behavior, considering the covariant factors of parental age and educational level. A total of 441 children and adolescents with ADHD participated in this study - 342 (77.6%) boys and 99 girls (22.4%). Their mean age was 9.1 (standard deviation = 2.2) years. They came from families with 1 to 8 children. There were statistically significant correlations among different subcategories of conduct disorder (p < 0.001 for all the correlations). Oppositional behavior scores were associated with all 4 subcategories of conduct behaviors. The severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity was associated with the subcategory of "destruction of property." The inattentiveness score was associated with "aggression to people and animals." The current results do not suggest that conduct behaviors exclude oppositional defiant behaviors. The subcategories of conduct behaviors occur in a cluster rather than as a solitary behavior. Larger family size and lower educational level of the father increase the risk of aggression to people and animals in children with ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、品行障碍行为和对立违抗行为之间的关联存在争议。本研究考察了品行行为的不同子类别是否在患有ADHD的儿童中共存，并在考虑父母年龄和教育水平等协变因素的情况下，研究了品行行为与ADHD症状及对立违抗行为之间的关联。共有441名患有ADHD的儿童和青少年参与了本研究，其中342名（77.6%）为男孩，99名（22.4%）为女孩。他们的平均年龄为9.1岁（标准差 = 2.2）。他们来自有1至8个孩子的家庭。品行障碍的不同子类别之间存在统计学上的显著相关性（所有相关性的p<0.001）。对立行为得分与品行行为的所有4个子类别相关。多动/冲动的严重程度与“破坏财物”子类别相关。注意力不集中得分与“对人和动物的攻击”相关。目前的结果并不表明品行行为排除了对立违抗行为。品行行为的子类别以集群形式出现，而非单独出现。家庭规模较大以及父亲的教育水平较低会增加患有ADHD的儿童对人和动物进行攻击的风险。
