Combs Todd B, Brosi Deena, Chaitan Veronica, He Eda, Luke Douglas A, Henriksen Lisa A
Washington University in St. Louis, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Center for Public Health Systems Science, St. Louis, MO.
Stanford University, Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA.
Tob Regul Sci. 2019 Jan;5(1):76-86.
To identify sociodemographic and policy environment characteristics of early adopters of retail tobacco control policies in U.S. localities.
We interviewed a sample of local tobacco control programs on policy progress for 33 specific policies, along with other program characteristics. We combine these results with secondary data in logistic regression analysis.
Eighty (82% of 97) county tobacco control programs from 24 states were interviewed. Localities with lower smoking rates (OR: 0.7; 95%: 0.6-0.9) or higher excise taxes (OR: 6.0; 95%: 1.4-26.0) were more likely to have adopted a retail policy by late 2015. Early adopters were less likely to have voted majority Republican in the 2012 election (OR: 0.03; 95%: 0.00-0.34) or to have higher percentages of African American population (OR: 0.9; 95%: 0.8-0.99).
While localities with more resources, , program capacity, political will or policy options, were more likely to adopt policies by 2015, those with higher smoking rates and proportions of priority populations were less likely to do so. As local retail policy work becomes more commonplace, only time will tell if this "rich-get-richer" trend continues, or if the contexts in which retail policies are adopted diversify.
确定美国各地零售烟草控制政策早期采用者的社会人口统计学和政策环境特征。
我们就33项具体政策的政策进展情况以及其他项目特征，对一部分地方烟草控制项目进行了访谈。我们将这些结果与二手数据相结合进行逻辑回归分析。
对来自24个州的80个（占97个的82%）县烟草控制项目进行了访谈。吸烟率较低（比值比：0.7；95%置信区间：0.6 - 0.9）或消费税较高（比值比：6.0；95%置信区间：1.4 - 26.0）的地区在2015年末更有可能采用零售政策。早期采用者在2012年选举中投票支持共和党的可能性较小（比值比：0.03；95%置信区间：0.00 - 0.34），非裔美国人口比例较高的可能性也较小（比值比：0.9；95%置信区间：0.8 - 0.99）。
虽然资源更多、项目能力更强、政治意愿更高或政策选择更多的地区在2015年更有可能采用政策，但吸烟率较高和优先人群比例较高的地区采用政策的可能性较小。随着地方零售政策工作变得越来越普遍，只有时间才能证明这种“富者愈富”的趋势是否会持续，或者采用零售政策的背景是否会多样化。
