Khoury Samantha, Tran Nham
School of Medical & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Biomark Med. 2015;9(2):131-51. doi: 10.2217/bmm.14.102.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are approximately 22 nucleotide sequences in length and have been predicted to control expression of up to 30-60% of all protein-coding genes in mammals. Considering this wide involvement in gene control, aberrant miRNA expression has a strong association with the presence and progression of a disease, hence generating much anticipation in using miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. The majority of these miRNAs are intracellular, but recently they have been discovered in bodily fluids. This review will provide an insight into these circulatory miRNA molecules and discuss their potential as cancer biomarkers.
微小RNA（miRNA）属于一类小的非编码RNA（ncRNA），其在转录后水平调节基因表达。它们的长度约为22个核苷酸序列，据预测可控制哺乳动物中高达30%-60%的所有蛋白质编码基因的表达。鉴于其在基因调控中的广泛参与，miRNA表达异常与疾病的发生和进展密切相关，因此人们对将miRNA用作人类癌症诊断和预后的生物标志物寄予厚望。这些miRNA大多存在于细胞内，但最近在体液中也被发现。本综述将深入探讨这些循环miRNA分子，并讨论它们作为癌症生物标志物的潜力。
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