Bernstein Steven L, Miller Neil R
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MSTF 5-00B, 10 S. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA,
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2015 May;59(3):135-47. doi: 10.1007/s10384-015-0373-5. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
Ischemic optic neuropathies (IONs) describe a group of diseases that specifically target the optic nerve and result in sudden vision loss. These include nonarteritic and arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION and AAION) and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NPION, APION). Until recently, little was known of the mechanisms involved in ION damage, due to a lack of information about the mechanisms associated with these diseases. This review discusses the new models that closely mimic these diseases (rodent NAION, primate NAION, rodent PION). These models have enabled closer dissection of the mechanisms involved with the pathophysiology of these disorders and enable identification of relevant mechanisms and potential pathways for effective therapeutic intervention. Descriptions of the different models are included, and comparisons between the models, their relative similarities with the clinical disease, as well as differences are discussed.
缺血性视神经病变（IONs）是一类专门针对视神经并导致突然视力丧失的疾病。这些疾病包括非动脉性和动脉性前部缺血性视神经病变（NAION和AAION）以及后部缺血性视神经病变（NPION、APION）。直到最近，由于缺乏与这些疾病相关机制的信息，人们对ION损伤所涉及的机制了解甚少。本综述讨论了紧密模拟这些疾病的新模型（啮齿动物NAION、灵长类动物NAION、啮齿动物PION）。这些模型有助于更深入地剖析这些疾病病理生理学所涉及的机制，并有助于确定有效治疗干预的相关机制和潜在途径。文中包括了不同模型的描述，并讨论了模型之间的比较、它们与临床疾病的相对相似性以及差异。
