Magnan Renee E, Cameron Linda D
Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA,
Ann Behav Med. 2015 Aug;49(4):594-604. doi: 10.1007/s12160-015-9691-6.
Although much research on graphic cigarette warnings has focused on motivational responses, little focus has been given to how much individuals learn from these labels.
This study aims to investigate whether graphic warnings provide greater perceived new knowledge of smoking consequences compared to text-only warnings, and to test a mediational model whereby perceived new knowledge promotes discouragement from smoking through its impact on worry.
In two studies, young adult smokers and nonsmokers (ages 18-25) evaluated graphic + text and corresponding text-only labels on perceived knowledge, worry about the harms addressed by the warning, and discouragement from smoking.
Compared to text-only labels, graphic + text labels were rated as providing better understanding, more new knowledge, and being more worrisome and discouraging. Perceived new knowledge predicted greater discouragement from smoking directly and through worry.
Graphic warnings may be more efficacious than text-based warnings in increasing knowledge and worry about harms, and discouragement from smoking.
尽管关于香烟图形警示的诸多研究都聚焦于动机反应，但很少关注个体从这些标签中学到了多少知识。
本研究旨在调查与纯文字警示相比，图形警示是否能让人们更多地感知到吸烟后果的新知识，并测试一个中介模型，即感知到的新知识通过对担忧的影响来促进对吸烟的劝阻。
在两项研究中，年轻成年吸烟者和非吸烟者（年龄在18 - 25岁之间）对图形+文字以及相应的纯文字标签在感知知识、对警示所涉及危害的担忧以及对吸烟的劝阻方面进行了评估。
与纯文字标签相比，图形+文字标签在提供更好理解、更多新知识、更令人担忧和更具劝阻性方面得到了更高的评分。感知到的新知识直接以及通过担忧预测了对吸烟更强的劝阻作用。
在增加对危害的认识和担忧以及劝阻吸烟方面，图形警示可能比文字警示更有效。
