Onwumere Juliana, Lotey Gursharan, Schulz Joerg, James Gareth, Afsharzadegan Roya, Harvey Raythe, Chu Man Lai, Kuipers Elizabeth, Raune David
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;11(3):237-243. doi: 10.1111/eip.12227. Epub 2015 Feb 26.
In occupational settings, burnout is a common response to chronic exposure stressors and has been frequently documented in formal caregivers (i.e. paid psychiatric staff). However, the literature is limited on reports of burnout among informal caregivers and particularly within early psychosis groups. The current study sought to investigate reports of burnout in carers of young adults treated within a specialist early psychosis service and links with key appraisals reported about the illness and coping.
Seventy-two carers completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory along with self-report measures of coping styles and illness beliefs.
Seventy-eight per cent of carers reported high burnout in at least one of the three key burnout markers (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization or low personal accomplishment). Seven per cent of carers met full criteria for high burnout across all the three domains. A carer's belief about the negative consequences of the illness for themselves was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Low personal accomplishment was linked to a carer's less optimistic beliefs about the illness timeline and fewer reports of adaptive coping.
The results provide preliminary support for the importance of asking carers in the early illness phase about their experiences of caregiving. Targeted assessment may serve as a helpful tool to identify and intervene with carers in need of additional support with stress management, use of adaptive coping strategies, and balanced recovery focused information about psychosis.
在职业环境中，职业倦怠是对长期暴露于应激源的常见反应，并且在正式护理人员（即带薪精神科工作人员）中经常有记录。然而，关于非正式护理人员尤其是早期精神病患者群体职业倦怠的报告在文献中较为有限。本研究旨在调查在专门的早期精神病服务机构接受治疗的年轻成年人的护理人员中职业倦怠的报告情况，以及与所报告的关于疾病和应对的关键评估之间的联系。
72名护理人员完成了马氏职业倦怠量表以及应对方式和疾病信念的自我报告测量。
78%的护理人员报告在三个关键职业倦怠指标（即情感耗竭、去个性化或低个人成就感）中至少有一项存在高度职业倦怠。7%的护理人员在所有三个领域都符合高度职业倦怠的全部标准。护理人员对疾病对自身负面影响的信念是情感耗竭和去个性化的重要预测因素。低个人成就感与护理人员对疾病病程的不太乐观信念以及较少的适应性应对报告有关。
研究结果为在疾病早期询问护理人员的护理经历的重要性提供了初步支持。有针对性的评估可能是一种有用的工具，用于识别需要在压力管理、使用适应性应对策略以及关于精神病的平衡康复重点信息方面获得额外支持的护理人员并对其进行干预。
