Sanjuán-Quiles Ángela, Alcañiz-Garrán María Del Mar, Montejano-Lozoya Raimunda, Ramos-Pichardo Juan Diego, García-Sanjuán Sofía
Departamento de Enfermería; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España.
Escuela de Enfermería La Fe; Universidad de Valencia. / Grupo de investigación en Arte y Ciencia en Cuidados; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE). Valencia. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2023 Jul 7;97:e202307062.
Gender influences the provision of family caregiving, identifying inequalities in the distribution of care-related tasks. The aim of this study was to analyze the gender influence in family caregiving, provided by elderly while, identifying the sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers.
Mixed, descriptive and phenomenological study was made. Eight women and five men aged seventy and over participated who cared for dependent people at home, selected by intentional sampling in Valencia. The analysis of the in-depth interviews was carried out in three stages: reading to the participants of the transcripts for their verification; discrimination of units of meaning; eidetic and phenomenological reduction to obtain the statements of meaning. Frequencies and percentages were calculated.
The mean age, educational level and years dedicated to care were higher in caregivers. Caregivers had a greater burden related to caregiving. Three categories influenced by androcentric culture were idenfied: vital perspective; reasons that support care; coping strategies. 90% of female caregivers cared out of moral obligation, compassion, reciprocity, and love; and 80% of male caregivers by responsibility and reciprocity, obtaining a satisfactory achievement and learning. Both developed resilience skills, reaching higher levels of adaptation. Male caregivers used more protective coping mechanisms and 50% of female caregivers obtained the most comforting support from religion.
Gender determines the meaning given to the experience of caring. The reasons and coping strategies in men and women are different.
性别影响家庭照料的提供，揭示照料相关任务分配中的不平等现象。本研究旨在分析老年人提供家庭照料时的性别影响，并确定照料者的社会人口学特征。
采用混合、描述性和现象学研究方法。通过在瓦伦西亚进行的有意抽样，选取了8名70岁及以上在家照料依赖他人的女性和5名男性参与研究。对深入访谈的分析分三个阶段进行：向参与者宣读访谈记录以供核实；区分意义单元；进行本质还原和现象学还原以获取意义陈述。计算频率和百分比。
照料者的平均年龄、教育水平和照料年限较高。照料者的照料负担更大。确定了受男性中心文化影响的三个类别：生命视角；支持照料的原因；应对策略。90%的女性照料者出于道德义务、同情、互惠和爱进行照料；80%的男性照料者出于责任和互惠进行照料，获得了满意的成就和学习体验。双方都发展出了复原力技能，达到了更高的适应水平。男性照料者更多地使用保护性应对机制，50%的女性照料者从宗教中获得了最安慰人心的支持。
性别决定了照料体验所赋予的意义。男性和女性的照料原因及应对策略不同。
