Olonitola Olayeni Stephen, Fahrenfeld Nicole, Pruden Amy
Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria KD 810006, Nigeria
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 96 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
Poult Sci. 2015 May;94(5):867-74. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev069. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
The effect of global antibiotic use practices in livestock on the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens is poorly understood. There is a paucity of data among African nations, which suffer from high rates of antibiotic resistant infections among the human population. Escherichia (29.5%), Staphylococcus (15.8%), and Proteus (15.79%) were the dominant bacterial genera isolated from chicken litter from four different farms in Zaria, Nigeria, all of which contain human pathogenic members. Escherichia isolates were uniformly susceptible to augmentin and cefuroxime, but resistant to sulfamethoxazole (54.5%), ampicillin (22.7%), ciprofloxacin (18.2%), cephalothin (13.6%) and gentamicin (13.6%). Staphylococcus isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole, but resistant to tetracycline (86.7%), erythromycin (80%), clindamycin (60%), and penicillin (33.3%). Many of the isolates (65.4%) were resistant to multiple antibiotics, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) ≥ 0.2. sul1, sul2, and vanA were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes among the isolates. Chicken litter associated with antibiotic use and farming practices in Nigeria could be a public health concern given that the antibiotic resistant patterns among genera containing pathogens indicate the potential for antibiotic treatment failure. However, the MARI values were generally lower than reported for Escherichia coli from intensive poultry operations in industrial nations.
畜牧业中全球抗生素使用方式对抗生素耐药性病原体出现的影响目前了解甚少。在非洲国家，相关数据匮乏，而这些国家的人群中抗生素耐药性感染率很高。从尼日利亚扎里亚四个不同农场的鸡舍中分离出的主要细菌属为大肠杆菌（29.5%）、葡萄球菌（15.8%）和变形杆菌（15.79%），所有这些细菌属都包含人类致病成员。分离出的大肠杆菌菌株对阿莫西林克拉维酸钾和头孢呋辛均敏感，但对磺胺甲恶唑（54.5%）、氨苄西林（22.7%）、环丙沙星（18.2%）、头孢噻吩（13.6%）和庆大霉素（13.6%）耐药。葡萄球菌菌株对环丙沙星、庆大霉素和磺胺甲恶唑敏感，但对四环素（86.7%）、红霉素（80%）、克林霉素（60%）和青霉素（33.3%）耐药。许多分离菌株（65.4%）对多种抗生素耐药，多重抗生素耐药指数（MARI）≥0.2。sul1、sul2和vanA是分离菌株中最常检测到的抗生素耐药基因。鉴于含有病原体的细菌属中的抗生素耐药模式表明存在抗生素治疗失败的可能性，尼日利亚与抗生素使用和养殖方式相关的鸡舍可能会引发公共卫生问题。然而，MARI值总体上低于工业化国家集约化家禽养殖中大肠杆菌的报告值。
