Manssuer Luis R, Roberts Mark V, Tipper Steven P
a School of Psychology , Bangor University , Gwynedd , UK.
b Department of Psychology , University of York , York , UK.
Soc Neurosci. 2015;10(6):635-50. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2015.1017114. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
Gaze direction perception triggers rapid visuospatial orienting to the location observed by others. When this is congruent with the location of a target, reaction times are faster than when incongruent. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that the non-joint attention induced by incongruent cues are experienced as more emotionally negative and this could relate to less favorable trust judgments of the faces when gaze-cues are contingent with identity. Here, we provide further support for these findings using time-resolved event-related potentials. In addition to replicating the effects of identity-contingent gaze-cues on reaction times and trust judgments, we discovered that the emotion-related late positive potential increased across blocks to incongruent compared to congruent faces before, during and after the gaze-cue, suggesting both learning and retrieval of emotion states associated with the face. We also discovered that the face-recognition-related N250 component appeared to localize to sources in anterior temporal areas. Our findings provide unique electrophysiological evidence for the role of emotion in learning trust from gaze-cues, suggesting that the retrieval of face evaluations during interaction may take around 1000 ms and that the N250 originates from anterior temporal face patches.
注视方向感知会触发快速的视觉空间定向，使其朝向他人所观察的位置。当这与目标位置一致时，反应时间比不一致时更快。功能磁共振成像研究表明，由不一致线索引发的非共同注意会带来更多负面情绪体验，这可能与当注视线索与身份相关时对面孔的信任判断更不利有关。在此，我们使用时间分辨事件相关电位为这些发现提供了进一步支持。除了重现身份相关注视线索对反应时间和信任判断的影响外，我们还发现，与情绪相关的晚期正电位在注视线索呈现之前、期间和之后，相较于一致面孔，在不一致面孔的各个组块中均有所增加，这表明与面孔相关的情绪状态的学习和提取过程。我们还发现，与面部识别相关的N250成分似乎定位于颞前区的源区。我们的研究结果为情绪在从注视线索中学习信任方面的作用提供了独特的电生理证据，表明在互动过程中对面部评价的提取可能需要大约1000毫秒，并且N250起源于颞前面部区域。
