Arnberg Filip K, Michel Per-Olof, Lundin Tom
National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 3;10(3):e0119732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119732. eCollection 2015.
Posttraumatic stress (PTS) is common in survivors from life-threatening events. Little is known, however, about the course of PTS after life threat in the absence of collateral stressors (e.g., bereavement, social stigma, property loss) and there is a scarcity of studies about PTS in the long term. This study assessed the short- and long-term course of PTS, and the influence of gender, education and age on the level and course of PTS, in survivors from a non-fatal airliner emergency landing caused by engine failure at an altitude of 1 km. There were 129 persons on board. A survey including the Impact of Event Scale was distributed to 106 subjects after 1 month, 4 months, 14 months, and 25 months, and to 95 subjects after 19 years (response rates 64-83%). There were initially high levels of PTS. The majority of changes in PTS occurred from 1 to 4 months after the event. There were small changes from 4 to 25 months but further decrease in PTS thereafter. Female gender was associated with higher levels of PTS whereas gender was unrelated to the slope of the short- and long-term trajectories. Higher education was related to a quicker recovery although not to initial or long-term PTS. Age was not associated with PTS. The present findings suggest that a life-threatening experience without collateral stressors may produce high levels of acute posttraumatic stress, yet with a benign prognosis. The findings further implicate that gender is unrelated to trajectories of recovery in the context of highly similar exposure and few collateral stressors.
创伤后应激障碍（PTS）在经历过危及生命事件的幸存者中很常见。然而，在没有附带应激源（如丧亲之痛、社会耻辱、财产损失）的情况下，人们对生命受到威胁后的创伤后应激障碍病程知之甚少，而且关于创伤后应激障碍的长期研究也很匮乏。本研究评估了因发动机故障在1公里高空进行非致命客机紧急迫降的幸存者中创伤后应激障碍的短期和长期病程，以及性别、教育程度和年龄对创伤后应激障碍水平和病程的影响。飞机上共有129人。在事件发生1个月、4个月、14个月和25个月后，向106名受试者发放了一份包含事件影响量表的调查问卷，在19年后向95名受试者发放了该问卷（回复率为64%-83%）。最初创伤后应激障碍水平较高。创伤后应激障碍的大多数变化发生在事件发生后的1至4个月。从4个月到25个月变化较小，但此后创伤后应激障碍进一步下降。女性的创伤后应激障碍水平较高，而性别与短期和长期病程的斜率无关。高等教育与恢复较快有关，尽管与初始或长期的创伤后应激障碍无关。年龄与创伤后应激障碍无关。目前的研究结果表明，在没有附带应激源的情况下，危及生命的经历可能会产生高水平的急性创伤后应激，但预后良好。研究结果还表明，在暴露高度相似且附带应激源较少的情况下，性别与恢复轨迹无关。
