Danielson Jennifer, Craddick Karen, Eccles Dayl, Kwasnik Abigail, O'Sullivan Teresa A
University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington.
Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Am J Pharm Educ. 2015 Feb 17;79(1):06. doi: 10.5688/ajpe79106.
To qualitatively analyze free-text responses gathered as part of a previously published survey in order to systematically identify common concerns facing pharmacy experiential education (EE) programs.
In 2011, EE directors at all 118 accredited pharmacy schools in the US were asked in a survey to describe the most pressing issues facing their programs. Investigators performed qualitative, thematic analysis of responses and compared results against demographic data (institution type, class size, number of practice sites, number and type of EE faculty member/staff). Expert and novice investigators identified common themes via an iterative process. To check validity, additional expert and novice reviewers independently coded responses. The Cohen kappa coefficient was calculated and showed good agreement between investigators and reviewers.
Seventy-eight responses were received (66% response rate) representing 75% of publicly funded institutions and 71% of schools with class sizes 51-150. Themes identified as common concerns were site capacity, workload/financial support, quality assurance, preceptor development, preceptor stipends, assessment, onboarding, and support/recognition from administration. Good agreement (mean percent agreement 93%, ƙ range=0.59-0.92) was found between investigators and reviewers.
Site capacity for student placements continues to be the foremost concern for many experiential education programs. New concerns about preceptor development and procedures for placing and orienting students at individual practice sites (ie, "onboarding") have emerged and must be addressed as new accreditation standards are implemented.
对作为先前发表的一项调查的一部分收集到的自由文本回复进行定性分析，以便系统地确定药学实践教育（EE）项目面临的共同问题。
2011年，对美国118所经认可的药学院的EE主任进行了一项调查，要求他们描述其项目面临的最紧迫问题。研究人员对回复进行了定性的主题分析，并将结果与人口统计学数据（机构类型、班级规模、实践地点数量、EE教职员工的数量和类型）进行了比较。专家和新手研究人员通过迭代过程确定了共同主题。为检验有效性，额外的专家和新手评审员对回复进行了独立编码。计算了科恩kappa系数，结果显示研究人员和评审员之间具有良好的一致性。
共收到78份回复（回复率66%），代表了75%的公立机构和71%班级规模为51 - 150人的学校。确定为共同关注的主题有实践地点容量、工作量/财政支持、质量保证、带教老师发展、带教老师津贴、评估、入职培训以及来自管理层的支持/认可。研究人员和评审员之间达成了良好的一致性（平均一致百分比为93%，κ范围 = 0.59 - 0.92）。
学生实习的实践地点容量仍然是许多实践教育项目最首要的关注点。随着新的认证标准的实施，对带教老师发展以及在各个实践地点安置和指导学生的程序（即“入职培训”）出现了新的关注，必须加以解决。
