Garcia Antonio R, Barnhart Sheila, López Daniel Jacobson, Karcher Nicole R
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024 Aug 15. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.07.924.
Few studies have explored the interplay of how individual identity, parental, familial, and contextual factors impact associations between Latinx adolescent adversities and psychopathology. This study aimed to examine whether these factors mediate the relationship between adversities and psychopathology in Latinx youth.
Latinx youth (n = 2,411) data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were used to examine path models with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as the predictor and either youth- or caregiver-rated internalizing/externalizing scores over 4 timepoints as the outcome (ages 9-13 years). Models examined 3 potential mediators: (1) ethnic identity, (2) familial context (comprising parental monitoring, family conflict, and caregiver acceptance), and (3) community cohesion. Models were conducted separately for internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
Greater adversity was associated with greater youth- and caregiver-rated internalizing/externalizing psychopathology over time. Greater adversity was associated with lower family functioning and lower ethnic identity, and greater family functioning was associated with lower psychopathology. Family functioning mediated associations between adversity and psychopathology over time (youth-reported internalizing: 95% CI = 0.012-0.019; youth-reported externalizing: 95% CI = 0.020-0.028). In contrast, there was not strong evidence for ethnic identity and community cohesion mediating associations between adversities and psychopathology over time.
Unlike previous studies, ethnic identity did not influence the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology over time. Additional research is needed to identify whether possible tensions rise as Latinx youth acculturate into US culture and achieve optimal levels of ethnic identity formation. Providers need to assess specific Latinx parental and familial contexts that may interfere with youth identity formation.
很少有研究探讨个体身份、父母、家庭和背景因素如何相互作用，影响拉丁裔青少年逆境与精神病理学之间的关联。本研究旨在检验这些因素是否介导拉丁裔青年逆境与精神病理学之间的关系。
使用青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究中拉丁裔青年（n = 2411）的数据，以儿童期不良经历（ACEs）作为预测因素，以4个时间点（9至13岁）青年或照顾者评定的内化/外化分数作为结果，检验路径模型。模型检验了3个潜在中介因素：（1）种族认同，（2）家庭背景（包括父母监督、家庭冲突和照顾者接纳），以及（3）社区凝聚力。分别针对内化和外化症状建立模型。
随着时间的推移，更大的逆境与青年和照顾者评定的更高内化/外化精神病理学相关。更大的逆境与更低的家庭功能和更低的种族认同相关，而更好的家庭功能与更低的精神病理学相关。随着时间的推移，家庭功能介导了逆境与精神病理学之间的关联（青年报告的内化：95%CI = 0.012 - 0.019；青年报告的外化：95%CI = 0.020 - 0.028）。相比之下，没有强有力的证据表明种族认同和社区凝聚力在随着时间的推移介导逆境与精神病理学之间的关联。
与之前的研究不同，随着时间的推移，种族认同并未影响ACEs与精神病理学之间的关系。需要进一步研究以确定随着拉丁裔青年融入美国文化并实现最佳水平的种族认同形成，是否会出现可能的紧张关系。提供者需要评估可能干扰青年身份形成的特定拉丁裔父母和家庭背景。
