Hahn Carina A, O'Toole Alice J, Phillips P Jonathon
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Br J Psychol. 2016 Feb;107(1):117-34. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12125. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
Person recognition often unfolds over time and distance as a person approaches, with the quality of identity information from faces, bodies, and motion in constant flux. Participants were familiarized with identities using close-up and distant videos. Recognition was tested with videos of people approaching from a distance. We varied the timing of prompted responses in the test videos, the amount of video seen, and whether the face, body, or whole person was visible. A free response condition was also included to allow participants to respond when they felt 'confident'. The pattern of accuracy across conditions indicated that recognition judgments were based on the most recently available information, with no contribution from qualitatively diverse and statistically useful person cues available earlier in the video. Body recognition was stable across viewing distance, whereas face recognition improved with proximity. The body made an independent contribution to recognition only at the farthest distance tested. Free response latencies indicated meta-knowledge of the optimal proximity for recognition from faces versus bodies. Notably, response bias varied strongly as a function of participants' expectation about whether closer proximity video was forthcoming. These findings lay the groundwork for developing person recognition theories that generalize to natural viewing environments.
随着一个人走近，身份识别通常会随着时间和距离的变化而展开，来自面部、身体和动作的身份信息质量不断变化。参与者通过特写和远景视频熟悉身份。使用人们从远处走近的视频进行识别测试。我们改变了测试视频中提示反应的时间、观看的视频量，以及面部、身体或整个人是否可见。还包括一个自由反应条件，让参与者在感到“自信”时做出反应。不同条件下的准确率模式表明，识别判断是基于最新可得的信息，视频早期可用的性质不同且具有统计学意义的人物线索没有起到作用。身体识别在不同观看距离下是稳定的，而面部识别随着距离拉近而提高。身体仅在测试的最远距离时对识别有独立贡献。自由反应潜伏期表明了从面部和身体进行识别的最佳距离的元知识。值得注意的是，反应偏差根据参与者对是否会出现更近距离视频的预期而有很大变化。这些发现为发展适用于自然观看环境的身份识别理论奠定了基础。
