Lim Terri Y, Poole Robert L, Pageler Natalie M
Departments of Pharmacy, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California ; Clinical Informatics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Oct-Dec;19(4):277-82. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-19.4.277.
Propylene glycol (PG) is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical agents. Although PG is generally considered safe, when used in high doses or for prolonged periods, PG toxicity can occur. Reported adverse effects from PG include central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, hyperosmolarity, hemolysis, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, agitation, and lactic acidosis. Patients at risk for toxicity include infants, those with renal or hepatic insuficiency, epilepsy, and burn patients receiving extensive dermal applications of PG containing products. Laboratory monitoring of PG levels, osmolarity, lactate, pyruvate, bicarbonate, creatinine, and anion gap can assist practitioners in making the diagnosis of PG toxicity. Numerous studies and case reports have been published on PG toxicity in adults. However, very few have been reported in pediatric patient populations. A review of the literature is presented.
丙二醇（PG）是口服、静脉注射和局部用药常用的溶剂。尽管PG通常被认为是安全的，但在高剂量或长期使用时，可能会发生PG毒性。PG报告的不良反应包括中枢神经系统（CNS）毒性、高渗性、溶血、心律失常、癫痫发作、躁动和乳酸酸中毒。毒性风险患者包括婴儿、肾或肝功能不全者、癫痫患者以及接受含PG产品广泛皮肤应用的烧伤患者。对PG水平、渗透压、乳酸、丙酮酸、碳酸氢盐、肌酐和阴离子间隙进行实验室监测有助于医生诊断PG毒性。关于成人PG毒性已发表了大量研究和病例报告。然而，儿科患者群体中的报告却非常少。本文对相关文献进行了综述。
