Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,
Eur J Epidemiol. 2015 Jun;30(6):509-17. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0021-x. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
Several healthy dietary patterns have been linked to longevity. Recently, a Nordic dietary pattern was associated with a lower overall mortality. No study has, however, investigated this dietary pattern in relation to cause-specific mortality. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between adherence to a healthy Nordic food index (consisting of wholegrain bread, oatmeal, apples/pears, root vegetables, cabbages and fish/shellfish) and overall mortality, and death by cardiovascular disease, cancer, injuries/suicide and other causes. We conducted a prospective analysis in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort, including 44,961 women, aged 29-49 years, who completed a food frequency questionnaire between 1991-1992, and have been followed up for mortality ever since, through Swedish registries. The median follow-up time is 21.3 years, and mortality rate ratios (MRR) were calculated using Cox Proportional Hazards Models. Compared to women with the lowest index score (0-1 points), those with the highest score (4-6 points) had an 18% lower overall mortality (MRR 0.82; 0.71-0.93, p < 0.0004). A 1-point increment in the healthy Nordic food index was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality: 6% (3-9%), cancer mortality: 5% (1-9%) and mortality from other causes: 16% (8-22%). When examining the diet components individually, only wholegrain bread and apples/pears were significantly inversely associated with all-cause mortality. We observed no effect-modification by smoking status, BMI or age at baseline. The present study encourages adherence to a healthy Nordic food index, and warrants further investigation of the strong association with non-cancer, non-cardiovascular and non-injury/suicide deaths.
几种健康的饮食模式与长寿有关。最近，北欧饮食模式与整体死亡率降低有关。然而，尚无研究调查这种饮食模式与特定原因死亡率的关系。本研究旨在探讨遵循健康的北欧食物指数（包括全麦面包、燕麦片、苹果/梨、根茎类蔬菜、卷心菜和鱼/贝类）与全因死亡率以及心血管疾病、癌症、伤害/自杀和其他原因导致的死亡之间的关联。我们在瑞典女性生活方式和健康队列中进行了一项前瞻性分析，纳入了 44961 名年龄在 29-49 岁之间的女性，她们在 1991-1992 年间完成了一份食物频率问卷，并通过瑞典登记处对死亡率进行了随访。中位随访时间为 21.3 年，使用 Cox 比例风险模型计算死亡率比值（MRR）。与指数得分最低（0-1 分）的女性相比，指数得分最高（4-6 分）的女性全因死亡率降低了 18%（MRR 0.82；0.71-0.93，p<0.0004）。健康的北欧食物指数每增加 1 分，全因死亡率的风险显著降低：6%（3-9%）、癌症死亡率：5%（1-9%）和其他原因死亡率：16%（8-22%）。单独检查饮食成分时，只有全麦面包和苹果/梨与全因死亡率呈显著负相关。我们没有观察到吸烟状况、BMI 或基线年龄对其有影响。本研究鼓励遵循健康的北欧食物指数，并进一步调查其与非癌症、非心血管和非伤害/自杀死亡的强烈关联。
