Ling Jiaxin, Vaheri Antti, Hepojoki Satu, Levanov Lev, Jääskeläinen Anne, Henttonen Heikki, Vapalahti Olli, Sironen Tarja, Hepojoki Jussi
1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital.
J Gen Virol. 2015 Jul;96(Pt 7):1664-75. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000127. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
Puumala virus (PUUV, carried by Myodes glareolus) co-circulates with Seewis virus (SWSV, carried by Sorex araneus) in Finland. While PUUV causes 1000-3000 nephropathia epidemica (NE) cases annually, the pathogenicity of SWSV to man is unknown. To study the prevalence of SWSV antibodies in hantavirus fever-like patients' sera, we used recombinant SWSV nucleocapsid (N) protein as the antigen in ELISA, immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoblotting. While characterizing the recombinant SWSV N protein, we observed that a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against PUUV N protein cross-reacted with SWSV N protein and vice versa. We initially screened 486 (450 PUUV-seronegative and 36 PUUV-seropositive) samples sent to Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory for PUUV serodiagnosis during 2002 and 2007 in an SWSV N protein IgG ELISA. In total, 4.2 % (19/450) of the PUUV-seronegative samples were reactive in the SWSV N protein IgG ELISA and none of the tested samples [43 PUUV-seronegative (weakly reactive in the SWSV IgG ELISA) and 15 random] were reactive in the SWSV N protein IgM ELISA. None of the IgG reactions could be confirmed by IFA or immunoblotting. Furthermore, among the 36 PUUV-seropositive samples three were reactive in SWSV N protein IgG and ten in SWSV N protein IgM ELISA. One PUUV-seropositive sample reacted with SWSV N protein in IFA and four in immunoblotting. Finally, we applied competitive ELISA to confirm that the observed reactivity was due to cross-reactivity rather than a true SWSV response. In conclusion, no evidence of SWSV infection was found among the 486 samples studied; however, we did demonstrate that PUUV antiserum cross-reacted with shrew-borne hantavirus N protein.
普马拉病毒（PUUV，由棕背䶄携带）与西维斯病毒（SWSV，由普通鼩鼱携带）在芬兰共同传播。虽然PUUV每年导致1000 - 3000例流行性肾病（NE）病例，但SWSV对人类的致病性尚不清楚。为研究汉坦病毒发热样患者血清中SWSV抗体的流行情况，我们使用重组SWSV核衣壳（N）蛋白作为抗原进行酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、免疫荧光测定（IFA）和免疫印迹分析。在对重组SWSV N蛋白进行特性鉴定时，我们观察到抗PUUV N蛋白的兔多克隆抗血清与SWSV N蛋白发生交叉反应，反之亦然。我们最初在SWSV N蛋白IgG ELISA中筛查了2002年至2007年期间送往赫尔辛基大学医院实验室进行PUUV血清学诊断的486份样本（450份PUUV血清阴性和36份PUUV血清阳性）。在PUUV血清阴性样本中，共有4.2%（19/450）在SWSV N蛋白IgG ELISA中呈反应性，而在SWSV N蛋白IgM ELISA中，所检测的样本[43份PUUV血清阴性（在SWSV IgG ELISA中呈弱反应性）和15份随机样本]均无反应性。IFA或免疫印迹均无法确认任何IgG反应。此外，在36份PUUV血清阳性样本中，3份在SWSV N蛋白IgG ELISA中呈反应性，10份在SWSV N蛋白IgM ELISA中呈反应性。1份PUUV血清阳性样本在IFA中与SWSV N蛋白发生反应，4份在免疫印迹中发生反应。最后，我们应用竞争ELISA来确认所观察到的反应性是由于交叉反应而非真正的SWSV反应。总之，在所研究的486份样本中未发现SWSV感染的证据；然而，我们确实证明了PUUV抗血清与鼩鼱传播的汉坦病毒N蛋白发生交叉反应。
