Taylor Jonathan, Macpherson Tom, Spears Iain, Weston Matthew
Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Business and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK,
Sports Med. 2015 Jun;45(6):881-91. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0324-9.
Repeated-sprint training appears to be an efficient and practical means for the simultaneous development of different components of fitness relevant to team sports.
Our objective was to systematically review the literature and meta-analyse the effect of repeated-sprint training on a selection of field-based measures of athletic performance, i.e. counter-movement jump, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, 30 m sprint, repeated-sprint ability and high-intensity intermittent running performance.
The SPORTDiscus, PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched for original research articles. Search terms included 'repeated-sprint training', 'sprint training', 'aerobic endurance', 'repeated-sprint ability', 'counter-movement jump' and 'sprint performance'.
Inclusion criteria included intervention consisting of a series of ≤10 s sprints with ≤60 s recovery; trained participants; intervention duration of 2-12 weeks; field-based fitness measures; running- or cycling-based intervention; published up to, and including, February 2014.
Our final dataset included six trials for counter-movement jump (two controlled trials), eight trials for 10 m sprint, four trials for 20 m sprint (three controlled trials), two trials for 30 m sprint, eight trials for repeated-sprint ability and three trials for high-intensity intermittent running performance. Analyses were conducted using comprehensive meta-analysis software. Uncertainty in the meta-analysed effect of repeated-sprint training was expressed as 95% confidence limits (CL), along with the probability that the true value of the effect was trivial, beneficial or harmful. Magnitude-based inferences were based on standardised thresholds for small, moderate and large changes of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.2 standard deviations, respectively.
Repeated-sprint training had a likely small beneficial effect in non-controlled counter-movement jump trials (effect size 0.33; 95% CL ±0.30), with a possibly moderate beneficial effect in controlled trials (0.63; 95% CL ±0.44). There was a very likely small beneficial effect on 10 m sprint time in non-controlled trials (-0.42; 95% CL ±0.24), with a possibly moderate beneficial effect on 20 m sprint time in non-controlled (-0.49; 95% CL ±0.46) and controlled (-0.65; 95% CL ±0.61) trials. Repeated-sprint training had a possibly large beneficial effect on 30 m sprint performance in non-controlled trials (-1.01; 95% CL ±0.93), with possibly moderate beneficial effects on repeated-sprint ability (-0.62; 95% CL ±0.25) and high-intensity intermittent running performance (-0.61; 95% CL ±0.54).
Repeated-sprint training can induce small to large improvements in power, speed, repeated-sprint ability and endurance, and may have relevance for training in team sports.
重复冲刺训练似乎是一种有效且实用的方法，可同时发展与团队运动相关的不同身体素质成分。
我们的目的是系统回顾文献并对重复冲刺训练对一系列基于场地的运动表现指标的影响进行荟萃分析，即纵跳、10米冲刺、20米冲刺、30米冲刺、重复冲刺能力和高强度间歇跑表现。
检索了SPORTDiscus、PubMed、MEDLINE和Web of Science数据库中的原始研究文章。检索词包括“重复冲刺训练”“冲刺训练”“有氧耐力”“重复冲刺能力”“纵跳”和“冲刺表现”。
纳入标准包括干预由一系列时长≤10秒且恢复时间≤60秒的冲刺组成；有训练的参与者；干预持续时间为2至12周；基于场地的身体素质测量；基于跑步或骑行的干预；截至2014年2月（含）发表的研究。
我们的最终数据集包括6项关于纵跳的试验（2项对照试验）、8项关于10米冲刺的试验、4项关于20米冲刺的试验（3项对照试验）、2项关于30米冲刺的试验、8项关于重复冲刺能力的试验和3项关于高强度间歇跑表现的试验。使用综合荟萃分析软件进行分析。重复冲刺训练荟萃分析效应的不确定性以95%置信区间（CL）表示，以及效应的真实值为微不足道、有益或有害的概率。基于幅度的推断分别基于0.2、0.6和1.2标准差的小、中、大变化的标准化阈值。
在非对照纵跳试验中，重复冲刺训练可能有小的有益效应（效应量0.33；95%CL±0.30），在对照试验中可能有中等的有益效应（0.63；95%CL±0.44）。在非对照试验中，对10米冲刺时间有极可能小的有益效应（-0.42；95%CL±0.24），在非对照（-0.49；95%CL±0.46）和对照（-0.65；95%CL±0.61）试验中，对20米冲刺时间可能有中等的有益效应。在非对照试验中，重复冲刺训练对30米冲刺表现可能有大的有益效应（-1.01；95%CL±0.93），对重复冲刺能力（-0.62；95%CL±0.25）和高强度间歇跑表现（-0.61；95%CL±0.54）可能有中等的有益效应。
重复冲刺训练可使力量、速度、重复冲刺能力和耐力有小至大的提高，可能与团队运动训练相关。
