Department of Medicine, HSC 4N41, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada.
Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(3):201-15. doi: 10.1159/000375305. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
Obesity is a central health issue due to its epidemic prevalence and its association with type 2 diabetes and other comorbidities. Obesity is not just being overweight. It is a metabolic disorder due to the accumulation of excess dietary calories into visceral fat and the release of high concentrations of free fatty acids into various organs. It represents a state of chronic oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation whose intermediary molecules may include leptin, adiponectin and cytokines. It may progress to hyperglycemia, leading to type 2 diabetes. Whether or not dietary antioxidant supplements are useful in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes is discussed in this review. Only the benefits for obesity and diabetes are examined here. Other health benefits of antioxidants are not considered. There are difficulties in comparing studies in this field because they differ in the time frame, participants' ethnicity, administration of antioxidant supplements, and even in how obesity was measured. However, the literature presents reasonable evidence for marginal benefits of supplementation with zinc, lipoic acid, carnitine, cinnamon, green tea, and possibly vitamin C plus E, although the evidence is much weaker for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, green coffee, resveratrol, or lycopene. Overall, antioxidant supplements are not a panacea to compensate for a fast-food and video-game way of living, but antioxidant-rich foods are recommended as part of the lifestyle. Such antioxidant foods are commonly available.
肥胖是一个主要的健康问题，因为它的流行率及其与 2 型糖尿病和其他合并症的关联。肥胖不仅仅是超重。它是一种代谢紊乱，由于过量的膳食卡路里积累在内脏脂肪中，以及大量游离脂肪酸释放到各种器官中。它代表了一种慢性氧化应激和低度炎症的状态，其中间分子可能包括瘦素、脂联素和细胞因子。它可能进展为高血糖，导致 2 型糖尿病。在肥胖和 2 型糖尿病的管理中，膳食抗氧化补充剂是否有用，在这篇综述中进行了讨论。这里只检查了它们对肥胖和糖尿病的益处。抗氧化剂对其他健康的益处不被考虑。由于研究在时间框架、参与者的种族、抗氧化补充剂的管理，甚至肥胖的测量方式等方面存在差异，因此比较该领域的研究存在困难。然而，文献提供了合理的证据表明，补充锌、硫辛酸、肉碱、肉桂、绿茶，以及可能的维生素 C 和 E，对肥胖和糖尿病有一定的益处，尽管对 omega-3 多不饱和脂肪酸、辅酶 Q10、绿咖啡、白藜芦醇或番茄红素的证据要弱得多。总的来说，抗氧化补充剂并不是弥补快餐和电子游戏生活方式的万能药，但富含抗氧化剂的食物被推荐作为生活方式的一部分。这些抗氧化食物通常都可以买到。
