药物研发前沿的器官芯片
Organs-on-chips at the frontiers of drug discovery.
作者信息
Esch Eric W, Bahinski Anthony, Huh Dongeun
机构信息
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Apr;14(4):248-60. doi: 10.1038/nrd4539. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness of preclinical predictions of human drug responses is critical to reducing costly failures in clinical trials. Recent advances in cell biology, microfabrication and microfluidics have enabled the development of microengineered models of the functional units of human organs - known as organs-on-chips - that could provide the basis for preclinical assays with greater predictive power. Here, we examine the new opportunities for the application of organ-on-chip technologies in a range of areas in preclinical drug discovery, such as target identification and validation, target-based screening, and phenotypic screening. We also discuss emerging drug discovery opportunities enabled by organs-on-chips, as well as important challenges in realizing the full potential of this technology.
摘要
提高人类药物反应临床前预测的有效性对于减少临床试验中代价高昂的失败至关重要。细胞生物学、微纳加工和微流控技术的最新进展推动了人类器官功能单元的微工程模型——即芯片器官——的发展，这些模型可为具有更高预测能力的临床前检测提供基础。在此，我们探讨了芯片器官技术在临床前药物发现的一系列领域中的新应用机会，如靶点识别与验证、基于靶点的筛选和表型筛选。我们还讨论了芯片器官带来的新兴药物发现机会，以及实现该技术全部潜力所面临的重大挑战。
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