Ma Enbo, Ren Liping, Wang Wensheng, Takahashi Hideto, Wagatsuma Yukiko, Ren Yulin, Gao Fei, Gao Fangfang, Wang Wenrui, Bi Lifu
University of Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine.
J Epidemiol. 2015;25(4):312-20. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20140033. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness status, attitudes, and care-seeking behaviors concerning tuberculosis (TB) and associated factors among the public in Inner Mongolia, China.
A five-stage sampling was conducted, in which counties as the primary survey units and towns, villages, and households as sub-survey units were selected progressively. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect TB information. Complex survey analysis methods, including the procedures of survey frequency and survey logistic regression, were applied for analysis of TB knowledge and associated factors. The sample was weighted by survey design, non-respondent, and post-stratification adjustment.
Among 10 581 respondents, awareness that TB is an infectious disease was 86.7%. Knowing that a cough lasting ≥3 weeks is suggestive of TB was 26.9%. Knowledge about TB dispensaries in county administrative areas was reported by 68.3% of respondents, and knowledge about the free TB detection/treatment policy was reported by 57.5% of respondents. About 52.5% of participants would stigmatize TB patients. Compared with the majority Han ethnic group, Mongolians and other minorities were 1.52-2.18 times more likely to know about TB curability, TB symptoms, the free detection/treatment policy, and TB dispensaries' locations, but were less likely to know about the TB transmission mode (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.84). The main sources of TB information were TV (65.6%) and other persons (47.2%). In the past year, 19.7% of TB knowledge was from acquaintances, and 16.1% was from TB institutes.
Improvement in knowledge about TB risk (symptoms and transmission), the free treatment policy, and facilities is necessary and should be provided through effective multimedia for different target populations.
本研究旨在评估中国内蒙古地区公众对结核病（TB）的知晓状况、态度及就诊行为及其相关因素。
采用五阶段抽样法，以县为主要调查单位，逐步选取镇、村和家庭作为子调查单位。使用标准化问卷收集结核病信息。采用复杂的调查分析方法，包括调查频率和调查逻辑回归程序，对结核病知识及相关因素进行分析。样本通过调查设计、无应答和事后分层调整进行加权。
在10581名受访者中，知晓结核病是传染病的比例为86.7%。知晓咳嗽持续≥3周提示结核病的比例为26.9%。68.3%的受访者报告了解县级行政区的结核病防治机构，57.5%的受访者报告了解结核病免费检测/治疗政策。约52.5%的参与者会歧视结核病患者。与多数汉族人群相比，蒙古族和其他少数民族了解结核病可治愈性、结核病症状、免费检测/治疗政策及结核病防治机构位置的可能性高1.52至2.18倍，但了解结核病传播方式的可能性较低（比值比，0.74；95%置信区间，0.65 - 0.84）。结核病信息的主要来源是电视（65.6%）和其他人（47.2%）。在过去一年中，19.7%的结核病知识来自熟人，16.1%来自结核病防治机构。
有必要通过有效的多媒体针对不同目标人群，提高对结核病风险（症状和传播）、免费治疗政策及相关设施的认识。
