Schepers Scott T, Bouton Mark E
Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermon.
J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. 2015 Apr;41(2):179-92. doi: 10.1037/xan0000061. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
Resurgence has commonly been viewed as the recovery of an extinguished instrumental behavior that occurs when an alternative behavior that has replaced it is also extinguished. Three experiments with rat subjects examined the effects on resurgence of the temporal distribution of reinforcement for the alternative behavior that is presented while the first response is being eliminated. Experiments 1 and 2 examined resurgence when rich rates of reinforcement at the onset of response elimination became leaner over sessions (i.e., forward thinning) and when lean rates became richer (i.e., reverse thinning). Both procedures weakened resurgence compared with that in a group that received the richest rate during all sessions. However, forward thinning was more effective than reverse thinning at reducing the resurgence effect. Experiment 3 found that final resurgence was eliminated when the alternative behavior was reinforced and extinguished in alternating response elimination sessions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that reinforcer delivery during response elimination provides a contextual stimulus for the extinction of the original behavior; its removal during resurgence testing causes ABC renewal to occur. The results are less consistent with an alternative account that emphasizes the removal of response disruption caused by alternative reinforcement (Shahan & Sweeney, 2011). Other theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
复发通常被视为一种已消退的工具性反应的恢复，这种恢复发生在取代它的替代行为也被消退之时。对大鼠进行的三项实验研究了在消除第一种反应时呈现的替代行为的强化时间分布对复发的影响。实验1和实验2研究了在反应消除开始时丰富的强化频率在各实验环节中变得稀疏（即正向递减）以及稀疏频率变得丰富（即反向递减）时的复发情况。与在所有实验环节中都接受最丰富强化频率的组相比，这两种程序都削弱了复发。然而，在减少复发效应方面，正向递减比反向递减更有效。实验3发现，当替代行为在交替的反应消除环节中得到强化和消退时，最终的复发被消除了。这些结果与以下假设一致：在反应消除过程中给予强化物为原始行为的消退提供了一种情境刺激；在复发测试过程中去除该刺激会导致ABC更新的发生。这些结果与另一种强调消除替代强化引起的反应干扰的观点（沙汉和斯威尼，2011）不太一致。还讨论了其他理论和应用意义。
