Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:541591. doi: 10.1155/2015/541591. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
Aim of the Review. To grasp the fragmented information available on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Olea europaea to explore its therapeutic potential and future research opportunities. Material and Methods. All the available information on O. europaea was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, Scirus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and a library search. Results. Ethnomedical uses of O. europaea are recorded throughout the world where it has been used to treat various ailments. Phytochemical research had led to the isolation of flavonoids, secoiridoids, iridoids, flavanones, biophenols, triterpenes, benzoic acid derivatives, isochromans, and other classes of secondary metabolites from O. europaea. The plant materials and isolated components have shown a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antihypertensive, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, antinociceptive, gastroprotective, and wound healing activities. Conclusions. O. europaea emerged as a good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The outcomes of phytochemical and pharmacological studies reported in this review will further expand its existing therapeutic potential and provide a convincing support to its future clinical use in modern medicine.
目的。本文旨在综述油橄榄的植物学、传统用途、植物化学、药理学和毒理学的零散信息，以探索其治疗潜力和未来的研究机会。
材料和方法。通过电子搜索（使用 Pubmed、Scirus、Google Scholar 和 Web of Science）和图书馆检索，收集了有关油橄榄的所有可用信息。
结果。在世界各地，油橄榄都被用于治疗各种疾病，其民族医学用途有记录。植物化学研究已经从油橄榄中分离出了类黄酮、环烯醚萜、裂环烯醚萜、黄烷酮、二苯甲酮、三萜、苯甲酸衍生物、异色满和其他类别的次生代谢产物。植物材料和分离的成分表现出广泛的体外和体内药理活性，如抗糖尿病、抗惊厥、抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、镇痛、抗菌、抗病毒、降压、抗癌、降血糖、抗伤害感受、胃保护和伤口愈合活性。
结论。油橄榄作为一种传统药物的良好来源，可用于治疗各种疾病。本文综述中报告的植物化学和药理学研究结果将进一步扩大其现有的治疗潜力，并为其在现代医学中的未来临床应用提供有力支持。
