Mohamaden Yasmin Mounir, El-Hawary Seham S, El-Fakharany Esmail M, El-Maradny Yousra A, Raey Mohamed El, El Senousy Amira Safwat, Bassam Samar M
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23665. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07452-1.
Olea europaea tree has long been a cornerstone of traditional medicine. Its different parts have been used as a remedy for viral accompanied diseases as asthma, sore throat, fever, and others. Despite its historical significance, olive stem's chemical diversity and pharmacological potential remain underexplored. This study aims to bridge that gap by identifying the phytochemical compounds in stem ethanolic extract using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-HR-QTOF-MS). Additionally, it assesses the extract's cytotoxic effects using MTT assay and antiviral activities against HSV-1, coxsackievirus-B4, and adenovirus-7. Network pharmacology was employed to understand the potential compound-target pathways. The analysis revealed 119 compounds across 11 classes, including 9 new, such as ligstrosidic acid, nuzhenal A, and syringaresinol derivatives. Significant antiviral activity was demonstrated, with selectivity indices (SI) of 30.78 and 27 for HSV-1 and adenovirus, respectively. Eight anti-HSV-1 targets and 18 pathways were predicted, including NFkB, CHUK, and PIK3R1. The study highlights the value of olive stem waste products as antiviral agents, particularly against HSV-1, supporting their traditional use. It provides an approach to developing low-cost pharmaceutical products and animal feed for combating zoonotic agents, aligning with the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-3 and SDG-12) for promoting health and sustainable resource use.
油橄榄树长期以来一直是传统医学的基石。其不同部位被用作治疗哮喘、喉咙痛、发烧等病毒伴发疾病的药物。尽管具有历史意义，但橄榄茎的化学多样性和药理潜力仍未得到充分探索。本研究旨在通过使用超高效液相色谱-高分辨率四极杆飞行时间质谱仪（UPLC-HR-QTOF-MS）鉴定茎乙醇提取物中的植物化学化合物来填补这一空白。此外，还使用MTT法评估提取物的细胞毒性作用以及对单纯疱疹病毒-1（HSV-1）、柯萨奇病毒B4和腺病毒-7的抗病毒活性。采用网络药理学来了解潜在的化合物-靶点途径。分析揭示了11类共119种化合物，其中包括9种新化合物，如裂环环烯醚萜酸、女贞醛A和紫丁香树脂醇衍生物。提取物表现出显著的抗病毒活性，对HSV-1和腺病毒的选择性指数（SI）分别为30.78和27。预测了8个抗HSV-1靶点和18条途径，包括NFkB、CHUK和PIK3R1。该研究突出了橄榄茎废料作为抗病毒剂的价值，特别是对HSV-1的抗病毒作用，支持了它们的传统用途。它为开发低成本的药品和动物饲料以对抗人畜共患病原体提供了一种方法，符合联合国2030年促进健康和可持续资源利用的可持续发展目标（SDG-3和SDG-12）。
