Hakulinen Christian, Elovainio Marko, Batty G David, Virtanen Marianna, Kivimäki Mika, Jokela Markus
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Jun 1;151:110-4. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
The role of personality as a determinant of alcohol consumption has long been debated, but prospective evidence is scarce.
We performed individual participant meta-analysis to examine the association between the Five-Factor Model personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and alcohol consumption using data from eight cohort studies sampled from the USA, UK, Germany, and Australia (total n=72,949; mean age=50 years, 54% female). Alcohol consumption was categorized into abstinence, moderate consumption, and heavy consumption.
After adjustment for age, sex, and race, higher extraversion (odds ratio for 1 standard deviation's increase in the score; 95% confidence interval: 1.14; 1.01-1.29) and lower conscientiousness (0.89; 0.79-1.00) were associated with increased risk of transitioning from moderate to heavy alcohol consumption over time, and also with heavy alcohol consumption. Lower extraversion (0.91; 0.85-0.98), higher agreeableness (1.09; 1.02-1.15), and lower openness (0.90; 0.86-0.95) were associated with increased odds of transitioning from moderate consumption to abstinence as well as with alcohol abstinence.
Findings from this individual-participant meta-analysis suggest that high and increasing alcohol consumption is more common among extraverts and those low on conscientiousness whereas high agreeableness and low openness to experience may increase odds of reducing alcohol consumption and preferring abstinence.
人格作为酒精消费决定因素的作用长期以来一直存在争议，但前瞻性证据稀少。
我们进行了个体参与者荟萃分析，以研究五因素模型人格特质（外向性、神经质、宜人性、尽责性和经验开放性）与酒精消费之间的关联，使用了来自美国、英国、德国和澳大利亚的八项队列研究的数据（总计n = 72949；平均年龄 = 50岁，54%为女性）。酒精消费分为戒酒、适度消费和重度消费。
在调整年龄、性别和种族后，较高的外向性（得分增加1个标准差的比值比；95%置信区间：1.14；1.01 - 1.29）和较低的尽责性（0.89；0.79 - 1.00）与随着时间推移从中度饮酒转变为重度饮酒的风险增加相关，也与重度饮酒相关。较低的外向性（0.91；0.85 - 0.98）、较高的宜人性（1.09；1.02 - 1.15）和较低的开放性（0.90；0.86 - 0.95）与从中度饮酒转变为戒酒的几率增加以及戒酒相关。
这项个体参与者荟萃分析的结果表明，高酒精消费且饮酒量不断增加在性格外向者和尽责性低的人群中更为常见，而高宜人性和低经验开放性可能会增加减少酒精消费并倾向于戒酒的几率。
