Ramis Margarita R, Esteban Susana, Miralles Antonio, Tan Dun-Xian, Reiter Russel J
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Mech Ageing Dev. 2015 Mar;146-148:28-41. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Mar 27.
Aging is an inevitable and multifactorial biological process. Free radicals have been implicated in aging processes; it is hypothesized that they cause cumulative oxidative damage to crucial macromolecules and are responsible for failure of multiple physiological mechanisms. However, recent investigations have also suggested that free radicals can act as modulators of several signaling pathways such as those related to sirtuins. Caloric restriction is a non-genetic manipulation that extends lifespan of several species and improves healthspan; the belief that many of these benefits are due to the induction of sirtuins has led to the search for sirtuin activators, especially sirtuin 1, the most studied. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red grapes, was first known for its antioxidant and antifungal properties, and subsequently has been reported several biological effects, including the activation of sirtuins. Endogenously-produced melatonin, a powerful free radical scavenger, declines with age and its loss contributes to degenerative conditions of aging. Recently, it was reported that melatonin also activates sirtuins, in addition to other functions, such as regulator of circadian rhythms or anti-inflammatory properties. The fact that melatonin and resveratrol are present in various foods, exhibiting possible synergistic effects, suggests the use of dietary ingredients to promote health and longevity.
衰老 是一个不可避免的多因素生物学过程。自由基与衰老过程有关；据推测，它们会对关键大分子造成累积性氧化损伤，并导致多种生理机制失效。然而，最近的研究也表明，自由基可以作为几种信号通路的调节因子，比如与 沉默调节蛋白 相关的信号通路。热量限制是一种非基因操作，可延长多种物种的寿命并改善健康寿命；人们认为这些益处许多都归因于 沉默调节蛋白 的诱导，这促使人们寻找 沉默调节蛋白 激活剂，尤其是研究最多的 沉默调节蛋白1。白藜芦醇 是一种存在于红葡萄中的多酚，最初因其抗氧化和抗真菌特性而闻名，随后又报道了它的几种生物学效应，包括激活 沉默调节蛋白。内源性产生的褪黑素是一种强大的自由基清除剂，会随着年龄增长而减少，其缺失会导致衰老的退行性疾病。最近有报道称，褪黑素除了具有其他功能，如昼夜节律调节或抗炎特性外，还能激活 沉默调节蛋白。褪黑素和白藜芦醇存在于各种食物中，可能具有协同作用，这一事实表明可利用膳食成分来促进健康和长寿。
