Jiang Xiaoyan, Yang Lizhu, Luo Yan
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China.
Curr Eye Res. 2015;40(8):761-71. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.964415. Epub 2015 Apr 2.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of today's main causes of blindness in numerous developed countries worldwide. The underlying pathogenesis of DR is complex and not well understood, thus impeding development of specific, effective treatment modalities. Consequently, the use of animal models of DR is of critical importance for investigating the pathogenesis of and treatment for DR. While rats and mice are the most commonly used animal models of DR, the zebrafish now appears to be a promising model. Nonhuman primates and humans have similar eye structures, and both can develop spontaneous diabetes mellitus (DM). Although various traditionally used animal models of DR undergo a number of pathological changes similar to those of human DR, several human variations, e.g. retinal neovascularization, cannot yet be fully mimicked in any existing animal model of DM. Since both the animal models and the methods chosen for inducing DR have great influence on experimental results, a clear understanding of available animal models is vital for planning an experimental design. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms, methodologies and pros and cons of the most commonly used animal models of DR.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是当今全球众多发达国家失明的主要原因之一。DR的潜在发病机制复杂，尚未完全明确，这阻碍了特异性有效治疗方法的开发。因此，使用DR动物模型对于研究DR的发病机制和治疗方法至关重要。虽然大鼠和小鼠是最常用的DR动物模型，但斑马鱼现在似乎是一种很有前景的模型。非人灵长类动物和人类具有相似的眼部结构，并且都能发生自发性糖尿病（DM）。尽管各种传统使用的DR动物模型会经历许多与人类DR相似的病理变化，但一些人类特有的变化，如视网膜新生血管形成，在任何现有的DM动物模型中都尚未能完全模拟。由于动物模型和用于诱导DR的方法对实验结果都有很大影响，因此清楚了解可用的动物模型对于规划实验设计至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最常用的DR动物模型的机制、方法以及优缺点。
