Sundseth Kyrre, Pacyna Jozef M, Banel Anna, Pacyna Elisabeth G, Rautio Arja
NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Impacts and Economics, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Chemical Faculty, PL 80-952, Gdansk, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Mar 31;12(4):3579-99. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120403579.
This paper reviews information from the literature and the EU ArcRisk project to assess whether climate change results in an increase or decrease in exposure to mercury (Hg) in the Arctic, and if this in turn will impact the risks related to its harmful effects. It presents the state-of-the art of knowledge on atmospheric mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources worldwide, the long-range transport to the Arctic, and it discusses the likely environmental fate and exposure effects on population groups in the Arctic under climate change conditions. The paper also includes information about the likely synergy effects (co-benefits) current and new climate change polices and mitigation options might have on mercury emissions reductions in the future. The review concludes that reductions of mercury emission from anthropogenic sources worldwide would need to be introduced as soon as possible in order to assure lowering the adverse impact of climate change on human health. Scientific information currently available, however, is not in the position to clearly answer whether climate change will increase or decrease the risk of exposure to mercury in the Arctic. New research should therefore be undertaken to model the relationships between climate change and mercury exposure.
本文回顾了文献资料及欧盟ArcRisk项目的信息，以评估气候变化是否会导致北极地区汞（Hg）暴露的增加或减少，以及这是否会反过来影响与其有害影响相关的风险。它介绍了全球人为源大气汞排放、长距离传输至北极的最新知识，并讨论了在气候变化条件下，汞在北极地区可能的环境归宿以及对人群的暴露影响。本文还包括了有关当前和新的气候变化政策及缓解措施可能对未来汞减排产生的协同效应（共同效益）的信息。该综述得出结论，为确保降低气候变化对人类健康的不利影响，需要尽快在全球范围内减少人为源汞排放。然而，目前可获得的科学信息尚无法明确回答气候变化是否会增加或减少北极地区汞暴露的风险。因此，应开展新的研究，以模拟气候变化与汞暴露之间的关系。
