氨基酸强化日粮替代鱼粉和乳清浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长、免疫状态和肠道健康的影响。
Amino acid fortified diets for weanling pigs replacing fish meal and whey protein concentrate: Effects on growth, immune status, and gut health.
机构信息
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
Evonik Corp, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA.
出版信息
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2014 Dec 22;5(1):57. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-57. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Limited availability of fish meal and whey protein concentrate increases overall feed costs. Availability of increased number of supplemental amino acids including Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and Ile allows replacing expensive protein supplements to reduce feed costs. This study was to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate in nursery diets with 6 supplemental amino acids on growth performance and gut health of post-weaning pigs. Treatments were 1) FM-WPC: diet with fish meal (FM) and whey protein concentrate (WPC); 2) FM-AA: diet with FM and crystalline amino acids (L-Lys, L-Thr, L-Trp, DL-Met, L-Val, and L-Ile); 3) WPC-AA: diet with WPC and crystalline amino acid; and 4) AA: diet with crystalline amino acid.
RESULTS
Pigs in FM-AA, WPC-AA, and AA had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and gain:feed than pigs in FM-WPC during wk 1 (phase 1). Plasma insulin concentration of pigs in AA tended to be greater (P = 0.064) than that of FM-WPC at the end of wk 1(phase 1). Plasma concentrations of IgG in AA was lower (P < 0.05) compared with WPC-AA and FW, and FM-AA had lower (P < 0.05) IgG concentration than WPC-AA at the end of wk 1 (phase 1). Concentration of acetate in cecum digesta in FM-AA tended to be greater (P = 0.054) than that of FM-WPC and WPC-AA. Concentration of isovalerate in cecum digesta of pigs in FM-AA was greater (P < 0.05) than that of FW and WPC-AA.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that use of 6 supplemental amino acids can replace fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate without adverse effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut health of pigs at d 21 to 49 of age. Positive response with the use of 6 supplemental amino acids in growth during the first week of post-weaning may due to increased plasma insulin potentially improving uptake of nutrients for protein synthesis and energy utilization. The replacement of fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate with 6 supplemental amino acids could decrease the crude protein level in nursery diets, and potentially lead to substantial cost savings in expensive nursery diets.
背景
鱼粉和乳清浓缩蛋白的供应量有限，增加了整体饲料成本。可利用的补充氨基酸数量增加，包括赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸，可替代昂贵的蛋白质补充剂以降低饲料成本。本研究旨在评估在仔猪日粮中用 6 种补充氨基酸替代鱼粉和/或乳清浓缩蛋白对断奶后仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响。处理方法为 1）FM-WPC：含鱼粉（FM）和乳清蛋白浓缩物（WPC）的日粮；2）FM-AA：含 FM 和结晶氨基酸（L-赖氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-色氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、L-缬氨酸和 L-异亮氨酸）的日粮；3）WPC-AA：含 WPC 和结晶氨基酸的日粮；和 4）AA：含结晶氨基酸的日粮。
结果
在第 1 周（第 1 阶段），FM-AA、WPC-AA 和 AA 组仔猪的 ADG 和增重：采食量均高于 FM-WPC 组（P<0.05）。第 1 周结束时（第 1 阶段），AA 组仔猪的血浆胰岛素浓度有升高的趋势（P=0.064）。与 WPC-AA 和 FW 相比，AA 组仔猪的血浆 IgG 浓度较低（P<0.05），FM-AA 组仔猪的 IgG 浓度也低于 WPC-AA 组（第 1 周结束时）。在第 1 周（第 1 阶段）结束时，FM-AA 组仔猪回肠食糜中乙酸的浓度有升高的趋势（P=0.054），高于 FM-WPC 和 WPC-AA 组。FM-AA 组仔猪回肠食糜中异戊酸的浓度高于 FW 和 WPC-AA 组（P<0.05）。
结论
本研究表明，在 21 至 49 日龄仔猪日粮中使用 6 种补充氨基酸可替代鱼粉和/或乳清浓缩蛋白，而不会对生长性能、免疫状态和肠道健康产生不利影响。在断奶后第 1 周使用 6 种补充氨基酸可促进生长，这可能是由于血浆胰岛素增加，从而改善了蛋白质合成和能量利用所需营养物质的吸收。用 6 种补充氨基酸替代鱼粉和/或乳清浓缩蛋白可降低仔猪日粮中的粗蛋白水平，并可能在昂贵的仔猪日粮中节省大量成本。
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