Grywalska Ewelina, Rolinski Jacek
Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Semin Oncol. 2015 Apr;42(2):291-303. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.12.030. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human virus with a proven association with the pathogenesis of cancer. To maintain the integrity of the viral genome and to "get out" of the control of the host immune system, in the phase of the latent infection EBV shows the expression of several genes, including genes for six nuclear antigens, three latent membrane proteins, two short non-coding RNAs, and BamHI-A rightward transcripts. The different patterns of expression of these latent genes determine the occurrence of different types of latency in the pathogenesis of particular malignancies. One of the most important features of EBV is its ability to infect various cell types and the consequent variety of diseases. It has been shown that in humans, EBV infection may lead to the development of cancers, including those derived from hematopoietic cells. Although cases of T-cell and epithelial cell infections have been documented, EBV is characterized mainly by tropism for B lymphocytes, and under certain conditions their infection may result in transformation to B-cell lymphoma. This article discusses the mechanisms leading to the development of EBV-dependent lymphomas, and briefly characterizes these diseases.
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是首个被确认与癌症发病机制有明确关联的人类病毒。为维持病毒基因组的完整性并“摆脱”宿主免疫系统的控制，在潜伏感染阶段，EBV会表达多种基因，包括六种核抗原、三种潜伏膜蛋白、两种短链非编码RNA以及BamHI-A向右侧转录物的基因。这些潜伏基因的不同表达模式决定了特定恶性肿瘤发病机制中不同类型潜伏期的出现。EBV最重要的特征之一是其感染多种细胞类型的能力以及由此导致的多种疾病。研究表明，在人类中，EBV感染可能导致癌症的发生，包括源自造血细胞的癌症。虽然已有T细胞和上皮细胞感染的病例记录，但EBV主要以对B淋巴细胞的嗜性为特征，在某些情况下，其感染可能导致B细胞淋巴瘤的转化。本文讨论了导致EBV相关淋巴瘤发生的机制，并简要描述了这些疾病的特征。
