Logue Michael, Book Angela S, Frosina Paul, Huizinga Tylor, Amos Shelby
Brock University.
Law Hum Behav. 2015 Aug;39(4):360-7. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000127. Epub 2015 Apr 6.
Research has found that deception detection accuracy in the context of suspect interrogation hovers around chance levels. Geiselman (2012) adapted the cognitive interview (typically used for witnesses) for use with suspects (CIS) and found that judgments of deception were more accurate than previous interrogation techniques. The current study attempted to use the CIS to improve deception detection with Reality Monitoring (RM: Vrij et al., 2008), which has already been validated in the context of witness statements. One hundred sixty-six undergraduate students were randomly assigned to 2 conditions. In the Truthful condition, participants played a game with a confederate, whereas in the Deceptive condition, participants rehearsed (but did not experience) a synopsis of the game scenario. Participants in the Deceptive condition were also instructed to steal $10 from a confederate's wallet. In both conditions, $10 was purported to be missing and a researcher blind to condition conducted a CIS. Statement veracity was coded using 6 of the RM criteria advanced by Vrij et al. (frequency of visual, auditory, spatial, temporal, cognitive, and affective details). According to results from a MANOVA, truthful and deceptive statements differed significantly on all RM criteria, with the exception of affective details, validating the importance for evaluation of statement veracity (p ≤ .01). Further, a binary logistic regression found that combining the RM criteria together correctly classified 86.6% of statements, χ(²)(6) = 114.4, p < .001, with excellent sensitivity and specificity (.899 and .833, respectively). As well, Visual, Auditory, and Cognitive details uniquely predicted condition. Findings support using RM criteria to detect deception in interviews conducted with the CIS.
研究发现，在对嫌疑人进行审讯的情境中，欺骗检测的准确率徘徊在随机水平左右。盖斯尔曼（2012年）将认知访谈（通常用于证人）改编后用于嫌疑人（认知访谈嫌疑人版），并发现对欺骗的判断比以往的审讯技术更准确。本研究试图使用认知访谈嫌疑人版，结合现实监控法（RM：弗里伊等人，2008年）来提高欺骗检测能力，现实监控法已在证人陈述的情境中得到验证。166名本科生被随机分配到两种条件下。在如实陈述条件下，参与者与一名同谋玩游戏，而在欺骗陈述条件下，参与者排练（但未实际经历）游戏场景的概要。欺骗陈述条件下的参与者还被指示从同谋的钱包里偷10美元。在两种条件下，都声称少了10美元，且一名不知条件情况的研究人员进行了认知访谈嫌疑人版。陈述的真实性根据弗里伊等人提出的6条现实监控标准进行编码（视觉、听觉、空间、时间、认知和情感细节的频率）。根据多变量方差分析的结果，除情感细节外，如实陈述和欺骗性陈述在所有现实监控标准上都有显著差异，这验证了评估陈述真实性的重要性（p≤0.01）。此外，二元逻辑回归发现，将现实监控标准结合起来能正确分类86.6%的陈述，χ²(6)=114.4，p<0.001，灵敏度和特异度都很高（分别为0.899和0.833）。同样，视觉、听觉和认知细节能唯一预测条件。研究结果支持在使用认知访谈嫌疑人版进行的访谈中，运用现实监控标准来检测欺骗。
