Lönnerdal Bo, Hernell Olle
*Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis †Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Jan;62(1):9-21. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000806.
Breast milk is a dynamic fluid with compositional changes occurring throughout the period of lactation. Some of these changes in nutrient concentrations reflect the successively slowing growth rate and developmental changes in metabolic requirements that infants undergo during the first year of life. Infant formula, in contrast, has a static composition, intended to meet the nutritional requirements of infants from birth to 6 or 12 months of age. To better fit the metabolic needs of infants and to avoid nutrient limitations or excesses, we suggest that infant formulas should change in composition with the age of the infant, that is, different formulas are created/used for different ages during the first year of life. We propose that specific formulas for 0 to 3 months (stage 1), 3 to 6 months (stage 2), and 6 to 12 months (stage 3) of age may be nutritionally and physiologically advantageous to infants. Although this initially may impose some difficult practical/conceptual issues, we believe that this staging concept would improve nutrition of formula-fed infants and, ultimately, improve outcomes and make their performance more similar to that of breast-fed infants.
母乳是一种动态的液体，在整个哺乳期其成分都会发生变化。这些营养成分浓度的变化，部分反映了婴儿在出生后第一年中生长速度逐渐放缓以及代谢需求的发育变化。相比之下，婴儿配方奶粉的成分是固定的，旨在满足从出生到6个月或12个月大婴儿的营养需求。为了更好地适应婴儿的代谢需求并避免营养不足或过剩，我们建议婴儿配方奶粉应随婴儿年龄的增长而改变成分，即在出生后的第一年中，针对不同年龄段使用不同的配方奶粉。我们提议，针对0至3个月（1阶段）、3至6个月（2阶段）和6至12个月（3阶段）的特定配方奶粉，可能在营养和生理方面对婴儿更有益。尽管这最初可能会带来一些实际/概念上的难题，但我们相信这种分段概念将改善配方奶喂养婴儿的营养状况，并最终改善其健康结果，使其表现更接近母乳喂养的婴儿。
