Jang Ki Beom, Kim Sung Woo
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2022 Jan 5;13(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40104-021-00650-7.
Intestinal health is essential for the resistance to enteric diseases and for nutrient digestion and absorption to support growth. The intestine of nursery pigs are immature and vulnerable to external challenges, which cause negative impacts on the structure and function of the intestine. Among nutritional interventions, the benefits of milk are significant for the intestinal health of pigs. Milk coproducts have traditionally been used in starter feeds to improve the growth of nursery pigs, but their use is somewhat limited due to the high costs and potential risks of excessive lactose on the intestine. Thus, understanding a proper feeding level of milk carbohydrates is an important start of the feeding strategy. For nursery pigs, lactose is considered a highly digestible energy source compared with plant-based starch, whereas milk oligosaccharides are considered bioactive compounds modulating intestinal immunity and microbiota. Therefore, milk carbohydrates, mainly composed of lactose and oligosaccharides, have essential roles in the intestinal development and functions of nursery pigs. The proper feeding levels of lactose in starter feeds could be variable by weaning age, body weight, or genetic lines. Effects of lactose and milk oligosaccharides have been broadly studied in human health and animal production. Therefore, this review focuses on the mechanisms of lactose and milk oligosaccharides affecting intestinal maturation and functions through modulation of enterocyte proliferation, intestinal immunity, and intestinal microbiota of nursery pigs.
肠道健康对于抵抗肠道疾病以及营养物质的消化吸收以支持生长至关重要。仔猪的肠道不成熟，容易受到外部挑战的影响，这会对肠道的结构和功能产生负面影响。在营养干预措施中，牛奶对猪的肠道健康益处显著。传统上，乳副产品被用于仔猪开食料中以促进仔猪生长，但由于成本高以及过量乳糖对肠道存在潜在风险，其使用受到一定限制。因此，了解牛奶碳水化合物的适宜饲喂水平是饲喂策略的重要开端。对于仔猪而言，与植物性淀粉相比，乳糖被认为是一种易消化的能量来源，而乳寡糖则被视为调节肠道免疫和微生物群的生物活性化合物。因此，主要由乳糖和寡糖组成的牛奶碳水化合物在仔猪肠道发育和功能中起着至关重要的作用。仔猪开食料中乳糖的适宜饲喂水平可能因断奶年龄、体重或遗传品系而有所不同。乳糖和乳寡糖的作用在人类健康和动物生产中已得到广泛研究。因此，本综述重点关注乳糖和乳寡糖通过调节仔猪肠上皮细胞增殖、肠道免疫和肠道微生物群来影响肠道成熟和功能的机制。
