Pefura-Yone Eric Walter, Kengne André Pascal, Balkissou Adamou Dodo, Boulleys-Nana Julie Raïcha, Efe-de-Melingui Nelly Rachel, Ndjeutcheu-Moualeu Patricia Ingrid, Mbele-Onana Charles Lebon, Kenmegne-Noumsi Elvira Christelle, Kolontchang-Yomi Barbara Linda, Theubo-Kamgang Boris Judicaël, Ebouki Emilienne Régine, Djuikam-Kamga Chrystelle Karen, Magne-Fotso Christiane Gaelle, Amougou Francine, Mboumtou Liliane, Ngo-Yonga Martine, Petchou-Talla Elsie Linda, Afane-Ze Emmanuel, Kuaban Christopher
Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon; Pneumology service, Yaounde Jamot Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon.
South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 8;10(4):e0123099. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123099. eCollection 2015.
Population-based estimates of asthma and allergic rhinitis in sub-Saharan African adults are lacking. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of asthma and allergic rhinitis in urban adult Cameroonians.
A community-based survey was conducted from December 2013 to April 2014 among adults aged 19 years and above (N = 2,304, 57.3% women), selected through multilevel stratified random sampling across all districts of Yaounde (Capital city). Internationally validated questionnaires were used to investigate the presence of allergic diseases. Logistic regressions were employed to investigate the determinants of allergic conditions.
Prevalence rates were 2.7% (95% CI: 2.1-3.4) for asthma-ever, 6.9% (5.9-7.9) for lifetime wheezing, 2.9% (92.2-3.6) for current wheezing and 11.4% (10.1-12.7) for self-reported lifetime allergic rhinitis; while 240 (10.4%) participants reported current symptoms of allergic rhinitis, and 125 (5.4%) had allergic rhino-conjunctivitis. The prevalence of current asthma medication use and self-reported asthma attack was 0.8 (0.4-1.2) and 1 (0.6-1.4) respectively. Multivariable adjusted determinants of current wheezing were signs of atopic eczema [2.91 (1.09-7.74)] and signs of allergic rhinitis [3.24 (1.83-5.71)]. Age group 31-40 years [0.27(0.09-0.78), p = 0.016] was an independent protective factor for wheezing. Determinants of current rhinitis symptoms were active smoking [2.20 (1.37-3.54), p<0.001], signs of atopic eczema [2.84 (1.48-5.46)] and current wheezing [3.02 (1.70-5.39)].
Prevalence rates for asthma and allergic rhinitis among adults in this population were at the lower tails of those reported in other regions of the world. Beside the classical interrelation between allergic diseases found in this study, active smoking was an independent determinant of allergic rhinitis symptoms. Nationwide surveys are needed to investigate regional variations.
撒哈拉以南非洲成年人哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的基于人群的估计数据匮乏。我们评估了喀麦隆城市成年人群中哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的患病率及其决定因素。
2013年12月至2014年4月，在雅温得（首都）所有区通过多阶段分层随机抽样，对19岁及以上成年人（N = 2304，女性占57.3%）进行了一项基于社区的调查。采用国际验证的问卷来调查过敏性疾病的存在情况。运用逻辑回归分析来研究过敏性疾病的决定因素。
曾经患哮喘的患病率为2.7%（95%可信区间：2.1 - 3.4），终生喘息患病率为6.9%（5.9 - 7.9），当前喘息患病率为2.9%（2.2 - 3.6），自我报告的终生过敏性鼻炎患病率为11.4%（10.1 - 12.7）；240名（10.4%）参与者报告有当前过敏性鼻炎症状，125名（5.4%）患有过敏性鼻结膜炎。当前使用哮喘药物的患病率和自我报告的哮喘发作患病率分别为0.8（0.4 - 1.2）和1（0.6 - 1.4）。当前喘息的多变量调整决定因素是特应性皮炎体征[2.91（1.09 - 7.74）]和过敏性鼻炎体征[3.24（1.83 - 5.71）]。31 - 40岁年龄组[0.27（0.09 - 0.78），p = 0.016]是喘息的独立保护因素。当前鼻炎症状的决定因素是主动吸烟[2.20（1.37 - 3.54），p<0.001]、特应性皮炎体征[2.84（1.48 - 5.46）]和当前喘息[3.02（1.70 - 5.39）]。
该人群中成年人哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的患病率处于世界其他地区报告的较低水平。除了本研究中发现的过敏性疾病之间的经典相互关系外，主动吸烟是过敏性鼻炎症状的独立决定因素。需要进行全国性调查以研究区域差异。
