Brazenor Alexander K, Hutson Kate S
Marine Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and the College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia,
Parasitol Res. 2015 May;114(5):1875-86. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4375-5. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
Effective parasite management can be achieved through strategically timed treatments that break the life cycle. We examined the effects of temperature (2 °C increments from 22 to 34 °C) and salinity (0, 11, 22, 35, 40‰) on the life cycle (embryonation period, hatching success, oncomiracidia (larvae) longevity, infection success, and time to sexual maturity) of Neobenedenia sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae), a harmful ectoparasite of farmed marine fishes. Experiments were conducted in controlled conditions in the laboratory. The life cycle was faster in warm, high saline conditions compared to cooler conditions (10-13 days between 26-32 °C, 40‰; 15-16 days between 22-24 °C at 40‰). Warm seawater and high saline conditions (24-32 °C, 35-40‰) improved egg hatching success, reduced time to sexual maturity, and resulted in parasites reaching sexual maturity at a larger size (at 30-32 °C) compared to cooler conditions (22 °C). In contrast, cool, hypersaline conditions (22 °C, 40‰) increased oncomiracidia longevity and infection success. Linear and quantile regression models were used to construct an interactive, online parasite management interface to enable strategic treatment of parasites in aquaculture corresponding to observed temperature and salinity variation on farms in the tropics. It was recommended that farmers treat their stock more frequently during summer (27-31 °C) when parasites can complete their life cycle more quickly. Nevertheless, farmers should be aware of the potential for increased Neobenedenia sp. infections during winter months (21-26 °C) due to increased infection success.
通过适时的治疗打破寄生虫的生命周期，可实现有效的寄生虫管理。我们研究了温度（从22℃到34℃，以2℃递增）和盐度（0、11、22、35、40‰）对新贝尼登虫属（单殖吸虫纲：锚首虫科）生命周期（胚胎发育时期、孵化成功率、纤毛幼虫寿命、感染成功率和性成熟时间）的影响，新贝尼登虫属是养殖海水鱼类的一种有害体外寄生虫。实验在实验室的可控条件下进行。与较凉爽的条件相比，温暖、高盐条件下的生命周期更快（26 - 32℃、40‰时为10 - 13天；22 - 24℃、40‰时为15 - 16天）。与较凉爽的条件（22℃）相比，温暖的海水和高盐条件（24 - 32℃、35 - 40‰）提高了卵的孵化成功率，缩短了性成熟时间，并使寄生虫在达到性成熟时体型更大（30 - 32℃时）。相比之下，凉爽、高盐的条件（22℃、40‰）延长了纤毛幼虫的寿命并提高了感染成功率。使用线性和分位数回归模型构建了一个交互式在线寄生虫管理界面，以便根据热带地区养殖场观察到的温度和盐度变化，对水产养殖中的寄生虫进行策略性治疗。建议养殖户在夏季（27 - 31℃）寄生虫生命周期更快时更频繁地处理鱼群。然而，养殖户应意识到由于感染成功率增加，在冬季（21 - 26℃）新贝尼登虫属感染可能会增加。
