Case Laura K, Pineda Jaime, Ramachandran Vilayanur S
Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California, San Diego, USA; Pain and Integrative Neuroscience Branch, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2015 Dec;79(Pt B):233-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
Motor imagery and perception - considered generally as forms of motor simulation - share overlapping neural representations with motor production. While much research has focused on the extent of this "common coding," less attention has been paid to how these overlapping representations interact. How do imagined, observed, or produced actions influence one another, and how do we maintain control over our perception and behavior? In the first part of this review we describe interactions between motor production and motor simulation, and explore apparent regulatory mechanisms that balance these processes. Next, we consider the somatosensory system. Numerous studies now support a "sensory mirror system" comprised of neural representations activated by either afferent sensation or vicarious sensation. In the second part of this review we summarize evidence for shared representations of sensation and sensory simulation (including imagery and observed sensation), and suggest that similar interactions and regulation of simulation occur in the somatosensory domain as in the motor domain. We suggest that both motor and somatosensory simulations are flexibly regulated to support simulations congruent with our sensorimotor experience and goals and suppress or separate the influence of those that are not. These regulatory mechanisms are frequently revealed by cases of brain injury but can also be employed to facilitate sensorimotor rehabilitation.
运动想象和感知——通常被视为运动模拟的形式——与运动产生共享重叠的神经表征。虽然许多研究都集中在这种“共同编码”的程度上，但对于这些重叠表征如何相互作用的关注较少。想象的、观察到的或产生的动作是如何相互影响的，以及我们如何对自己的感知和行为保持控制？在本综述的第一部分，我们描述了运动产生与运动模拟之间的相互作用，并探讨了平衡这些过程的明显调节机制。接下来，我们考虑体感系统。现在有许多研究支持一个“感觉镜像系统”，该系统由传入感觉或替代性感觉激活的神经表征组成。在本综述的第二部分，我们总结了感觉和感觉模拟（包括想象和观察到的感觉）共享表征的证据，并表明在体感领域与运动领域一样，发生了类似的模拟相互作用和调节。我们认为，运动和体感模拟都受到灵活调节，以支持与我们的感觉运动体验和目标一致的模拟，并抑制或分离那些不一致的模拟的影响。这些调节机制经常在脑损伤病例中显现出来，但也可用于促进感觉运动康复。
