Pélissier Carole, Vohito Michel, Fort Emmanuel, Sellier Brigitte, Agard Jean Pierre, Fontana Luc, Charbotel Barbara
Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE (Joint unit IFSTTAR/UCLB) Service de santé au travail CHU de Saint-Etienne, France.
J Occup Health. 2015;57(3):285-96. doi: 10.1539/joh.14-0090-OA. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
This study aimed to explore potential risk factors for work-related stress by, detailing working conditions and subjective hardship according to occupational category in health-care staff working with elderly patients.
A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 105 nursing homes for the elderly in France. Data on nursing home working conditions were collected by occupational physicians. The study population was limited to those in direct contact with the elderly, who were divided into 3 occupational groups defined by qualifications and tasks: housekeepers (HKs), nursing assistants (NAs) and nurses (Ns). Employees answered a questionnaire on their perceived working conditions and vocational training courses. Psychosocial stress was assessed with the Siegrist questionnaire.
The subjects included 706 HKs, 1,565 NAs and 378 Ns, and the findings showed confusion of tasks and responsibilities in the study population. Verbal abuse by residents was reported by 60.9% of HKs (versus 76.2% of NAs and 76.7% of Ns, p<0.001). Physical attack by residents was more frequently reported by NAs (59.1%) than Ns (52.8%) or HKs (38.0%) (p<0.001). Nearly 10% of employees reported clear effort/reward imbalance (10.4% of NAs, 9.2% of Ns and 7.0% of HKs, p=0.059). Great hardship related to proximity to death was reported by 40.5% of HKs (versus 37.3% of NAs and 22.6% of Ns; p<0.001).
To prevent stress related to insufficient ability, nursing home workers should be encouraged to attend job training courses, which should cover knowledge of the specific care needs of elderly patients and of the authority/responsibility required to do their job.
本研究旨在通过详细说明照护老年患者的医护人员按职业类别划分的工作条件和主观困难，探索与工作相关压力的潜在风险因素。
在法国的105家养老院开展了一项横断面描述性调查。职业医生收集了养老院工作条件的数据。研究人群仅限于那些与老年人直接接触的人员，他们根据资质和任务分为3个职业组：家政人员（HKs）、护理助理（NAs）和护士（Ns）。员工回答了一份关于其感知到的工作条件和职业培训课程的问卷。使用西格里斯问卷评估心理社会压力。
受试者包括706名家政人员、1565名护理助理和378名护士，研究结果显示研究人群中存在任务和责任混淆的情况。60.9%的家政人员报告遭受了居民的言语虐待（护理助理为76.2%，护士为76.7%，p<0.001）。护理助理（59.1%）比护士（52.8%）或家政人员（38.0%）更频繁地报告遭受居民的身体攻击（p<0.
